2008年全国中考数学压轴题精选1--6(3)

2019-03-22 11:35

(1)求折痕EF的长; (2)是否存在某一时刻t使平移中直角顶点C

经过抛物线

B B1 y y?x2?4x?3的顶点?若

存在,求出t值;若不存在,请说明理

由;

(3)直接写出....S与t的函数关系式及自变量t

E E1 的取值范围. A x F O C 9.(08湖北天门)(本题答案暂缺)24.(本小题

C1 F1 满分12分)如图①,在平面直角坐标系中,A点坐标为(3,0),B点坐标为(0,4).动点M从点O出发,沿OA方向以每秒1个单位长度的速度向终点A运动;同时,动点N从点

A出发沿AB方向以每秒5个单位长度的速度向终点B运动.设运动了x秒.

3(1)点N的坐标为(________________,________________);(用含x的代数式表示) (2)当x为何值时,△AMN为等腰三角形? (3)如图②,连结ON得△OMN,△OMN可能为正三角形吗?若不能,点M的运动速度不变,试改变点N的运动速度,使△OMN为正三角形,并求出点N的运动速度和此时x的值.

y B B y N N O M 图① A x O MA 图② x (第24题图)

10.(08湖北武汉)(本题答案暂缺)25.(本题 12分)如图 1,抛物线y=ax2-3ax+b经过A(-1,0),C(3,2)两点,与y轴交于点D,与x轴交于另一点B.(1)求此抛物线的解析式;(2)若直线y=kx-1(k≠0)将 四 边 形ABCD面积二等分,求k的值;(3)如图2,过点 E(1,-1)作EF⊥x轴于点F,将△AEF绕平面内某点旋转 180°后得△MNQ(点M,N,Q分别与 点 A,E,F对应),使点M,N在抛物线上,求点M,N的坐标.

11

(08湖北武汉25题解析)25.⑴y??1234x?x?2;⑵k?;⑶M(3,2),N(1,3) 223

11.(08湖北咸宁)24.(本题(1)~(3)小题满分12分,(4)小题为附加题另外附加2分) 如图①,正方形 ABCD中,点A、B的坐标分别为(0,10),(8,4),点C在第一象限.动点P在正方形 ABCD的边上,从点A出发沿A→B→C→D匀速运动,同时动点Q以相同速度在x轴上运动,当P点到D点时,两点同时停止运动,设运动的时间为t秒.

(1) 当P点在边AB上运动时,点Q的横坐标x(长度单位)关于运动时间t(秒)的函数图

象如图②所示,请写出点Q开始运动时的坐标及点P运动速度; (2) 求正方形边长及顶点C的坐标;

(3) 在(1)中当t为何值时,△OPQ的面积最大,并求此时P点的坐标. (1) 附加题:(如果有时间,还可以继续 yD解答下面问题,祝你成功!)

xC如果点P、Q保持原速度速度不

11PA变,当点P沿A→B→C→D匀

速运动时,OP与PQ能否相等,

B若能,写出所有符合条件的t的 1O值;若不能,请说明理由. 10t Qx O(第24题图②) (第24题图①)

(08湖北咸宁24题解析)24.解:(1)Q(1,0) -----------------------------1分 点P运动速度每秒钟1个单位长度.-------------------------------3分 (2) 过点B作BF⊥y轴于点F,BE⊥x轴于点E,则BF=8,OF?BE?4. ∴AF?10?4?6.

在Rt△AFB中,AB?82?62?10.----------------------------5分 过点C作CG⊥x轴于点G,与FB的延长线交于点H.

∵?ABC?90?,AB?BC ∴△ABF≌△BCH. ∴BH?AF?6,CH?BF?8. ∴OG?FH?8?6?14,CG?8?4?12.

∴所求C点的坐标为(14,12).------------7分

(3) 过点P作PM⊥y轴于点M,PN⊥x轴于点N,

则△APM∽△ABF.

AMFONQPHGxyDCBE ∴

APAMMPtAMMP. ??. ???1068ABAFBF3434 ∴AM?t,PM?t. ∴PN?OM?10?t,ON?PM?t.

5555设△OPQ的面积为S(平方单位)

13473∴S??(10?t)(1?t)?5?t?t2(0≤t≤10) ------------------10分

251010 说明:未注明自变量的取值范围不扣分.

12

∵a??473<0 ∴当t???时, △OPQ的面积最大.------------11分

3102?(?)6109453,) . ---------------------------------12分 15104710 此时P的坐标为(

5295 (4) 当 t?或t?时, OP与PQ相等.---------------------------14分

313 对一个加1分,不需写求解过程.

12.(08湖南长沙)26.如图,六边形ABCDEF内接于半径为r(常数)的⊙O,其中AD为直

径,且AB=CD=DE=FA.

(1)当∠BAD=75?时,求⌒BC的长; C B (2)求证:BC∥AD∥FE;

(3)设AB=x,求六边形ABCDEF的周长L关于x的函数

· D A 关系式,并指出x为何值时,L取得最大值. O

F E

(08湖南长沙26题解析)26.(1)连结OB、OC,由∠BAD=75?,OA=OB知∠AOB=30?,(1分)

∵AB=CD,∴∠COD=∠AOB=30?,∴∠BOC=120?,········································· (2分)

⌒的长为2?r. 故BC··································································································· (3分)

3(2)连结BD,∵AB=CD,∴∠ADB=∠CBD,∴BC∥AD, ································· (5分) 同理EF∥AD,从而BC∥AD∥FE. ····································································· (6分) (3)过点B作BM⊥AD于M,由(2)知四边形ABCD为等腰梯形, 从而BC=AD-2AM=2r-2AM. ················································································· (7分) ∵AD为直径,∴∠ABD=90?,易得△BAM∽△DAB

2222∴AM=AB=x,∴BC=2r-x,同理EF=2r-x ··············································· (8分)

2rrr22∴L=4x+2(2r-x)=?2x2?4x?4r=?2?x?r??6r,其中0<x<2r ··········· (9分)

rrr∴当x=r时,L取得最大值6r.············································································ (10分)

13(08湖南益阳)七、(本题12分)

24.我们把一个半圆与抛物线的一部分合成的封闭图形称为“蛋圆”,如果一条直线与“蛋圆”只有一个交点,那么这条直线叫做“蛋圆”的切线.

如图12,点A、B、C、D分别是“蛋圆”与坐标轴的交点,已知点D的坐标为(0,-3),AB为半圆的直径,半圆圆心M的坐标为(1,0),半圆半径为2.

(1) 请你求出“蛋圆”抛物线部分的解析式,并写出自变量的取值范围;

13

AD

(2)你能求出经过点C的“蛋圆”切线的解析式吗?试试看;

(3)开动脑筋想一想,相信你能求出经过点D的“蛋圆”切线的解析式.

y

C A M O D 图12 (08湖南益阳24题解析)七、(本题12分)

24.解:(1)解法1:根据题意可得:A(-1,0),B(3,0);

则设抛物线的解析式为y?a(x?1)(x?3)(a≠0)

B x 又点D(0,-3)在抛物线上,∴a(0+1)(0-3)=-3,解之得:a=1

2

∴y=x-2x-3 ·············································································································· 3分 自变量范围:-1≤x≤3 ··························································································· 4分

解法2:设抛物线的解析式为y?ax2?bx?c(a≠0)

根据题意可知,A(-1,0),B(3,0),D(0,-3)三点都在抛物线上

?a?b?c?0?a?1??∴?9a?3b?c?0,解之得:?b??2 ?c??3?c??3??∴y=x-2x-3 ·············································································································· 3分

自变量范围:-1≤x≤3··································································· 4分

(2)设经过点C“蛋圆”的切线CE交x轴于点E,连结CM, 在Rt△MOC中,∵OM=1,CM=2,∴∠CMO=60°,OC=3 在Rt△MCE中,∵OC=2,∠CMO=60°,∴ME=4

∴点C、E的坐标分别为(0,3),(-3,0) ······················································ 6分

2

∴切线CE的解析式为y?3······························································· 8分 x?3·

3 (3)设过点D(0,-3),“蛋圆”切线的解析式为:y=kx-3(k≠0) ···························· 9分

??y?kx?3 由题意可知方程组?只有一组解 2?y?x?2x?3?

14

即kx?3?x2?2x?3有两个相等实根,∴k=-2 ················································· 11分 ∴过点D“蛋圆”切线的解析式y=-2x-3 ························································· 12分

y C A E O M B x D 解图12 15


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