译林版牛津英语8B全册单元知识点总结+练习（附答案）
Unit 1 Past and past................................................................................................................. 1 Unit 2 Travelling .................................................................................................................... 17 Unit 3 Online tours ................................................................................................................ 40 Unit 4 A good read ................................................................................................................. 56 Unit 5 Good manners ............................................................................................................ 73 Unit 6 Sunshine for all ........................................................................................................... 89 Unit 7 International Charities ............................................................................................ 104 Unit 8 A green world ........................................................................................................... 122
Unit 1 Past and past
内容全解 Part One Comic strip 重点全解
1、past and present.（P 6） ①past
n. 过去，以前；in the past ―在过去‖
adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里 prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局 ②present
adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的
n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ； a present for you给你的礼物 2、I’ve just eaten it..（P 6）
just作副词，表示―刚刚‖，通常与现在完成时连用。just now意为―刚才‖相当于a moment ago，通常和一般过去时连用。
例如： I have just heard the news.
He left just now.
3、You used toshare food with me.（P 6）
① used to do sth. ―过去常常做某事‖，暗含―现在不再‖之意，后接动词原形，疑问形式可以直接将used提到句首，或者借助助动词did；否定式可以直接在used后面加not，或者用didn’t。
used to do sth. “过去常常做某事” I used to go to school by bus.
be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事” I am used to living here now.
be used to do/for sth. “被用来做某事”
② share 及物动词，意为―共享，共用‖，常用结构为share sth. with sb.―与某人共享某物‖。
例如： He shares a room with his twin brother. 4、You used to be so kind to me.（P 6）
kind―有好的，友善的‖，be kind to―对……友好‖。 例如： We should be kind to others. Part Two Welcome to the unit 重点全解
1、Why didn’t you take a bus?（P 7）
take+a/the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。by+表示交通工具的名词，或者介词in/on+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作状语。
例如： He takes a bus to school.= He goes to school by bus..
2、Well, there were always too manypeople on the bus and it took a long time to wait for the next one.
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（P 7）
① too many意为―太多‖，修饰可数名词复数。too much同样表示―太多‖，修饰不可数名词。much too意为―太‖，用来修饰形容词和副词，表示程度。 例如： There are too many books in the box.
I have too much homework to do today. It’s much too hot today.
② take可用来表示―花费‖，常用结构为―It takes/took (sb). some time to do sth.‖意为―花费（某人）多长时间做某事‖，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 例如： It took me three hours to finish the housework. ③ wait for sb./sth. ―等待某人/某物‖，wait to do sth.―等待做某事‖，can’t wait to do sth. ―迫不及待做某事‖。 例如： They are waiting for the bus.
The children can’t wait to open the present box.
Part Three Reading 重点全解
1、...so Millie is interviewing him to get some information.（P 8）
interview 作及物动词，表示―采访‖ interview sb. ―采访某人‖；interview还可以作名词，表示―采访某人‖时，后面加上介词with，have an interview with sb. ―采访某人‖ 例如： The interview with the famous writer is great. 2、I’ve lived here since I was born. （P 8）
since作连词，表示―自……以来‖，引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 例如：He has worked in this company since he graduated from college.
since也可以用作介词，后面加上表示过去的时间点，同样和现在完成时连用。 例如：The family have lived here since three years ago.
结构―It has been/is+时间段+since+一般过去时‖表示―自从……已经多长时间了‖。 例如：It has been/is five years since they got married. 3、Have you ever moved house? （P 8） ① ever作副词，意为―曾经‖。
例如：---Have you ever thought of changing a job? --- No, never.
② move可以表示―搬家，迁居‖，move to some place―搬往某地‖。 例如：They moved to Shanghai last year.
4、I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents. （P 8）
① in the northern part of town=in the north of town―在城镇的北部‖，表示东西南北的方位名词加上―ern‖构成形容词。
② 英语中表示两地位置关系时，in表示―在范围之内‖，on表示―两地接壤‖，to表示―两地相望，中间有间隔‖。 B is in the east of A. C is on the east of A. C
A B C is to the east of B. 5、When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then. （P 8）
① get married―结婚‖表示动作，be married表示状态，因此get married不可以和一段时间状语连用，be married可以和一段时间状语连用。 例如：They have been married for ten years.
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② marry可以做及物动词，意为―嫁给某人，把……嫁给……‖。
例如： She married a rich man.
He married her daughter to a foreigner.
③ be/get married to sb.―与某人结婚‖ 例如：Will you get married to him?
6、Has the town changed a lot over the years?（P 8）
over the years意为―在这几年间‖，over这里作介词，表示―在……期间‖，相当于during。 例如：He has learned a lot in the company over the years..
7、 Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.（P 8） turn……into―把……变成……‖，turn into―变成‖。 例如： Farmers turn wasteland into fields.
They want to turn the place into a new school.
turn的用法拓展
① turn表示―转动、翻转‖ 例如： Turn your body back.
② turn作系动词，表示―变得‖，后面常接形容词作表语。 例如：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
③ turn还可以作可数名词，意为―轮流，依次‖，take turns to do sth.―轮流做某事‖。 例如：The students take turns to answer the teacher’s questions.
8、There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.（P 9）
once此处用作副词，意为―一度，曾经‖。另外，once还可以表示―一次‖。 例如： They once lived abroad.
He goes swimming once a week.
9、They often put the waste into the river. （P 9） ① put……into―把……放进……‖
例如： You shouldn’t put so much salt into the dish. put构成的相关短语 put up张贴，举起
The boy put up his hand and asked some questions. 那个男孩举起手问了一些问题。 Could you put up the picture? 你把这幅画贴上好吗？ put out扑灭
The firemen came and put out the fire. 消防员来把火扑灭了。 put off推迟
The meeting will be put off because of the weather. 会议因为天气将被推迟。 put away放好
Jim, put away your books. 吉姆，把你的书收起来。 put down记下，放下
He put down his pen and began to listen to the teacher. 他放下钢笔开始听老师讲课。 Put down my telephone number please. 请记下我的电话号码。 put on穿戴，上映
My father put on his coat and went out. 我的爸爸穿上他的大衣就出去了。 A new play will be put on next week. 下周将上映一部新片。 put back放回
Please put the books back when you finish them. 书读完后，请放回去。
② waste此处作不可数名词，表示―废物‖，waste还可以作形容词，表示―废弃的，无用的‖，如waste water―废水‖；waste paper―废纸‖。waste还可以表示浪费，常用结构为―it is a waste of time/money to do
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sth.‖表示―做某事是浪费时间或金钱‖。 例如：It is a waste of time to argue with him.
10、Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. （P 9） take action―采取行动‖。take action to do sth. ―采取行动做某事‖。 例如：We must take action to protect the wild animal.. 11、Now the river is much cleaner. （P 9）
much用来修饰比较级，意为―……得多‖，常见的修饰比较级的程度副词有much, even, any, a lot, far, rather, a little, a bit等。
12、Well, in some waysit is.（P 9）
in some ways意为―在某种程度上，在某些方面‖。
例如：In some ways he is a good student because he is helpful. way的相关短语总结 on the way在路上 in the way挡路 by the way顺便问一下
on the/one’s way to在去……的路上 in this/that way用这种/那种方式 lose one’s way迷路
13、It’s really nice to have a beautiful modern town.（P 9） ? 形式主语it的用法。
在英语中，当动词不定式或者that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式或者that从句置后。It处于主语的位置，但不是真正的主语，因此英语中称之为形式主语。常用的结构为：It is+形容词/名词短语+to do/that从句。 e.g: 1. It is important to learn English well.
2. It is a hard job that he cleans the street day and night.
注意：―It is+形容词/名词短语+to do‖结构中，可在不定式前面加上一个for或者of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的形容词时，用介词of，其余情况用介词for。 e.g: It is kind of you to help me a lot.
It is difficult for us to solve the problem. ② 形式宾语it的用法。
在英语中，当动词不定式或者that从句作宾语且后面接宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语动词不定式或者that从句置后。It处于宾语的位置，但不是真正的宾语，因此英语中称之为形式宾语。常用的结构为：think/feel/find/consider、make+it+形容词/名词短语+to do/that从句。 e.g: 1. I find it pleasant to work with him.
2. She thinks it her duty to help us.
14、It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.（P 9）
① impossible意为―不可能的‖，impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有un-，in-, im-, ir-, dis-等。 （1）大多数形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。 happy-unhappy friendly-unfriendly
（2）以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive
（3）以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 polite-impolite proper-improper
（4）以r或l开头的形容词，分别加前缀ir和il构成反义词。 regular-irregular legal-illegal
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