at the moment为介词短语,相当于now,意为―此刻;现在‖,用于一般现在时或现在进行时的句子中,作时间状语,其中moment为可数名词,意为―瞬间;片刻‖。
例如: I have nothing to do at the moment. 现在我无事可做。
We are watching a movie at the moment. 此刻我们正在看电影。
【拓展】at that moment意为―在那时候‖,用于一般过去时或过去进行时。
The girl was washing her clothes at that moment. 在那时候,那个女孩正在洗衣服。 7、I see Andy playing on the sand too. (P 27) see sb. doing sth. 意为―看见某人在做某事‖。
例如: We saw some young people running wildly in the street. 我们看见一些年轻人正在街上狂跑。
辨析:see sb. doing sth. 与see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth ―看见某人在做某事‖,强I saw a monkey eating 调动作正在进行 bananas. 我看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。 see sb. do sth. ―看见某人做过某事‖,强I saw them get on the bus. 调动作自始至终的全过我看见他们上了公共汽程 车。 8、He has been away from Beijing for a week . (P 27) Be away意为―不在‖,表示―离开‖的状态,可以和一段时间连用,away后若有―地点‖须加from,即be away from。
例如:He has been away from his hometown since 1992. 自1992年以来,他就离开了家乡。
9、The film has been on for 20 minutes. (P 28) be on意为―上演;开着‖,可以表示延续状态。
例如:The film has been on for half an hour. 电影已经上演半个小时了。 Are the lights in your room on? 你房间的灯开着吗? 10、die死 (P28)
die 不及物动词,意为―死‖。与其相关的词有:dies(第三人称单数),died(过去式),dying(现在分词),dead(形容词),death(名词)。 例如:She is dying. 她快要死了。
His father died ten years ago. 他的父亲十年前去世了。 辨析:die与dead die 非延续性动词 动作不延续,与时He died 3 years 间点连用,常用于ago. 他三年前去一般过去时 世了。 dead 形容词 与连系动词构成He has been dead 系表结构,可用于for 3 years. 他去现在时态 世三年了。 11、My parents and I arrived in Hong Kong on the first day of the winter holiday.(P28)
arrive不及物动词,意为―到达‖,表示到达较小的地方用arrive at,表示到达较大
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的地方用arrive in。
12、I have kept it with me for a few days. 我借了它好几天了。(P28) for介词,意为―达;计‖,表示动作或情况持续的时间长度。 例如:Bake the cake for 40 minutes. 将蛋糕烘烤40分钟。
We have stayed here for two months. 我们已在这儿待了两个月了。 【拓展】for作介词的其他用法: ①(表示目的,用途)为了;供
He does everything only for money. 他做什么都是为了钱。 ②(表示对象)为,给;对于;关于;至于,对……而言 What did you get for your birthday? 你收到了什么生日礼物?
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多对你的健康有害。 ③(表示目标、去向)往;到
My father has left for Shanghai. 我爸爸已经动身去上海了。 ④(表示约定的时间)在……(时间) It’s time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时候了。 ⑤ 赞成;支持;同意
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? ⑥ 代替;代表
I looked after the kids foe her. 我替她照看孩子。 ⑦ (表示解释理由)因为,由于
She was angry with him for being late. 她因他迟到而生气了。
13、The first dolphin show began at 11:30 a.m. (P28) Show此处用作可数名词,意为―节目,表演,展览‖。
例如:There was a fashion show in the theatre yesterday. 昨天在剧院里有一场时装表演。
【拓展】①on show展览,展出
There were a lot of old things on show in the museum last week. 上周,博物馆里展出了许多古董。
②show还可作及物动词,意为―出示,给……看‖,可用于两种结构,即show sb. sth.和show sth. to sb.
Let me show you my new sweater.
=Let me show my new sweater to you. 让我把我的新毛衣给你看看。
一 have/has been to 与have/has gone to
【教材典句】
1. Millie and Amy have been to South Hill. 米莉和埃米去过南山。
2. Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. 基蒂和她的家人去了香港。 3. She has gone to the bookshop. 她去了书店。
4. My cousin has been to Xi’an twice. 我堂兄去过西安两次。
上面1、4句中含有短语have/has been to,表示―去过某地‖,2、3句中含有短语have/has gone to,表示―去了某地‖。四个句子都用了现在完成时。
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【语法全解】
(1) ―have/ has been to +地点名词‖表示―去过某地‖,表示某人的一种经历,说话
时已不在那个地方,常和once, twice, never, ever等连用。当地点为副词时,则要省掉no。
---Where have you been? 你去哪儿了? ---I’ve been to the post office. 我去邮局了。(人已不在邮局) ---Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾去过上海吗?
---No, I’ve never been there. 没有,我从来没有去过那儿。
(2) ―have/has gone to+地点名词‖表示―去了某地‖,说话时某人已离开此地,在去
某地的路上、已在某地或在回来的路上,所以此句型常用于第三人称,不能与时间状语once, twice, never, ever等连用,也不能和for以及since构成的短语连用。
---Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪儿?
---He has gone to Australia with his family. 他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。(人已不在这儿,在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或从澳大利亚返回的途中)
助记 have/has been to, have/has gone to意不同,两者用法当分清。 have/has been to+地点,―曾经去过某地‖行; have/has gone to+地点,―已去某地‖人无踪。
【拓展】―have/has been in +地点名词‖表示―在某地待过(多久)‖,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 例如:Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经3天了。 We have been in China since 5 years ago. 我们自从5年前就来中国了。 How long have you been in New York? 你在纽约多久了?
二 非延续性动词与延续性动词
【教材典句】
1. We haven’t seen each other since last week. 自从上周以来我们就没见过面。 2. Mr. Dong has lived here for many years. 董先生住在这里很多年了。 3. The film has been on for 20 minutes. 电影已经上演20分钟了。
4. The first dolphin show began at 11:30 a.m. 第一场海豚表演是在上午11:30开始的。
句1中的see是非延续性动词;句2中的live是延续性动词;句3中的be on表示状态,可以延续;句4中的begin是非延续性动词。
【语法全解】
(1) 非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬息动词,这类动词所表示的动作往往在
―瞬间‖就完成了,动作不能―持续‖,可以用于完成时态,但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since two days ago, for two years等。如果要表示该动作的延续,就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。
The film started two hours ago. 电影是两个小时前开始的。(正确) →The film has been on for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。(正确)
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The film has started. 电影已经开始了。 (正确)
The film has started for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。(错误)
常见的非延续性动词有:die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等。
(2) 延续性动词,是指动作可以延续的动词,可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状
语连用。
常用的延续性动词有:keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, teach, live, stay等。
I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。 He will stay here for a week. 他要在这里待一周。 (3) 非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续,若要跟for或since等表示一段时间的
状语,则该非延续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。 Jim left his hometown last year. 吉姆去年离开了家乡。
=Jim has been away from his hometown for a year. 吉姆离开家乡一年了。
常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词:
非延续性动词 延续性动词/表示状态的词 die → be dead borrow → keep buy/catch → have get up → be up come/arrive/go → be in/at finish/stop → be over
leave → be away (from) open → be open close → be closed begin/start → be on
marry → be married
join → be in/ be a member of
(4) 非延续性动词的现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,
因为非延续性动词的这种否定形式构成一种状态,而这一状态是可以持续的。 例如:He hasn’t bought any sweets for a year. 他已经有一年没有买糖果了。 I haven’t seen Mr. Zhang for ages. 我好几年没有看到张先生了。 Part Five Integrated skills 重点全解
4、She can go there all year round. (P 30) all year round―一年到头,全年‖。
例如:Some birds stay in the wetland all year round. 有些鸟儿一年到头待在湿地。 Mother says that the weather in Kunming is good all year round. 妈妈说昆明的天气一年到头都很好。
【拓展】all day long―整天,一天到晚‖。
You shouldn’t watch TV all day long. 你不该一天到晚看电视。
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5、She can go there in any season except winter.(P 30)
except介词,意为―除了……之外‖,表示―从整体中除去……‖,有―减‖的意思。 例如,:She goes to work every day except Sunday. 除了星期天,她每天都上班。(星期天不上班)
【拓展】1. besides表示―除……之外,还有……‖,有―加‖的意思。 Besides Japanese, I can speak French. 除了日语之外,我还会讲法语。(日语、法语都会讲)
2. except for意为―除……之外‖,指非同类事物间的排除,用于对前文所叙述情况的修订与补充。
Your composition is rather good except for some spelling mistakes. 除了几个拼写错误之外,你的作文相当不错。
6、…but it is dangerous to climb the mountains or hills on cold and snowy days.(P 30)
mountain可数名词,意为―高山‖。
例如: We spent a week walking in the mountains. 我们在群山中走了一个星期。 辨析:mountain, mount与hill mountain 指又高又大或连成片的Qomolangma is the ―大山,高山,山脉,群highest mountain in the 山‖ world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。 mount 指―…山‖,通常放在山名Mount Tai 泰山 之前,也可缩略为Mt. Mount Huang 黄山 hill 指―小山,丘陵‖,比The people in town often mountain小 climb the hill in the morning. 城镇上的人常常在早上去爬山。 4、There may be some rain, but the weather is usually nice at that time of year.(P 30)
① may情态动词,表示猜测,意为―可能‖。
例如: The girl isn’t here. She may be in the teachers’ office. The boy is very clever. He may know how to work it out. 辨析:may be与maybe may be ―情态动词+动词原形‖结may意为―也许‖,表构 示猜测,may be后跟名词、形容词、介词短语等,用作表语 maybe 副词 意为―也许,大概‖,通常放在句首,相当于perhaps You may be right. = Maybe you are right. 你也许是对的。 ② rain在此用作不可数名词,意为―雨,雨水‖。 例如: The crops need rain. 庄稼需要雨水。
【拓展】1. rain还可用作可数名词,意为―一场雨‖。
There was a heavy rain last night. 昨天晚上下了一场大雨。
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