（5）有些形容词加前缀dis构成反义词。 honest-dishonest
② as……as before意为―和以前一样……‖，as...as―和……一样‖和not as/so...as...―不如……‖，中间用形容词或者副词原级。
例如： My sister is as tall as me.
Tom doesn’t sing as/so well as Lucy.
15、Now I feel a bitlonelyfrom time to time.（P 9）
① a bit意为―有点儿‖，表示程度，后面跟形容词、副词原级或比较级，相当于a little。另外，a little可直接修饰名词，a bit后面加上of才可以修饰名词。 例如： I’m a bit tired.
There is a little water in the bottle.=There is a bit of water in the bottle.
② lonely作形容词，表示―寂寞的，孤单的‖，强调人内心的感受；alone作形容词或者副词，意为―单独，独自‖。
例如： She has few friends so she feels lonely.
The old man lives alone on the hill.
③ from time to time―不时地，偶尔‖
例如： She has to work at weekends from time to time. 16、not happy because of being alone.（P 10）
because of意为―因为，由于‖，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。
例如： We can’t go out because it rains heavily.
=We can’t go out because of the heavy rain.
17、Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.（P 10）
take place意为―发生，举行‖，与happen意思相近，但略有区别。take place常指经过安排而发生的事情，happen常指偶然发生，它们都是不及物的。 例如： The World Cup takes place every four years.
An accident happened in the street just now.
18、What was the town like in the past?（P 10）
What’s sb./sth. like?一般用来询问某人/某物的特征或者性格。What does sb./sth. look like?一般用来询问某人/某物的外貌。
例如： ---What’s Tom like?
---He is very shy.
---What does your father look like? ---He is tall and thin.
Part Four Grammar 重点全解
1、I have already read this book many times. （P 12）
time此处表示―次数‖是可数名词。英语中―一次‖用once表达，―两次‖用twice表达，从三次开始用―基数词+times‖表达。
例如：We watch TV four times a week.
2、My parents haven’t come back yet. （P 14）
表示―还，已经‖yet常用语疑问句和否定句中，通常位于句末；already用于肯定句中。 例如： Have you received the letter yet?
He has already left home.
5
3、Oh, I think I have heard about the film. （P 14）
hear about意为―听说（关于某人或某物）‖，hear of―听说‖，hear from―收到……的来信‖相当于receive a letter from。
例如： I have never heard about him.
Do you hear of the movie star?
I hear from my mother every month.
4、Do you plan to see it?（P 14）
plan作及物动词，表示―打算，计划‖，plan to do sth.―打算做某事‖，plan还可以作名词，make a plan for―为……做计划‖。
例如： Do you plan to go to the party.
现在完成时（1）
一、现在完成时的构成
现在完成时是由―助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词‖构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 例句：
He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。 He hasn't finished his homework yet. 他还没有做完作业。 ---Has he finished his homework yet? 他已经做完作业了吗？ ---Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 是的，做完了。/不，还没有。
二、现在完成时的用法
①表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 ---Would you like some bread? 你想要一些面包吗？
---No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。 （对现在的影响：不饿）
---Why don't you drive to your office? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊？ ---Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。 （对现在的影响：车没办法开了）
②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。 He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。
Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。
三、常和现在完成时连用的时间状语
①用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 ②用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
③用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times in the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。 ④ 用for+一段时间，since+时间点。
I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。
6
I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。
Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。
Part Five Integrated skills 重点全解
1、Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Town’s past and present.（P 16） borrow表示―借进来‖，常用结构为―borrow sth. from sb.‖―向某人借某物‖；lend和borrow相对，表示―借出去‖常用结构为―lend sb. sth.或者lend sth. to sb.‖表示―借给某人某物‖。 例如： He borrowed a car from his friend. 他从他朋友那里借了辆车。
Can you lend me some money?
=Can you lend some money to me? 你能借我些钱吗？
2、She’s just returned from the USA.（P 16）
这里的return表示―返回‖，后面接表示地点的名词时要加介词to；另外return还可以作及物动词，表示―归还‖，return sth. to sb.―归还某人某物‖。 例如： He returned home late last night.
Please return the book to the library on time.
3、When did you last see each other.（P 16） last作副词，表示―最近，上一次‖。
例如： I last saw him in Beijing five years ago. 4、She went abroad with her parents.（P 16）
abroad是副词，意为―在国外，到国外‖，前面不加介词。 例如： She worked abroad for a year.
5、So how do you keep in touch with each other?（P 16）
keep in touch with sb.―和某人保持联系‖，get in touch with sb.―同某人取得联系‖。 例如： Did you get in touch with him?
6、We mainly communicate by email（P 16）
communicate用作不及物动词，表示―交流，交际‖，communicate with sb.―和某人交流‖。名词形式为communication, have communication with sb.―与某人交流‖。 例如： Many teenagers have no communication with their parents. Part Six Study skills 1、The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun.（P 17） ①have fun―玩得开心‖，have fun (in)doing sth.―做某事很开心‖。 例如： My mother often have fun (in) cooking.
②句中的动词不定式to have fun作定语，修饰place，动词不定式经常作后置定语。 例如： She is always the first student to come to school. 2、A river runs through the centre of town.（P 17）
through着重指从空间内部穿过；across强调从表面穿过。 例如： The sunshine comes in through the window.
He is running across the road.
3、Now I go to school by bus on my own.（P 17）
on one’s own意为―独自地‖相当于by oneself或者alone。 例如： He went to town one his own/by himself.
4、I have to spend more time on my homework than before.（P 17）
7
spend一般用某人来作主语，表示―（某人）花费…，付出…‖，也能指花费时间或金钱，指时间时常与in doing sth搭配，in常常省略。指金钱时常与on搭配。例如： We spent two days (in) repairing this machine. Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month. Part Seven Task 1、large open spaces （P 18）
这里的open是形容词，表示―开阔的‖。 例如：
the open country 开阔的乡村 in the open air 在户外
另外，open作形容词，还可以表示―开着的‖，动词close的形容词形式是closed―关闭的‖。 例如：
The door is open. Please close it.
2、green trees on both sides（P 18）
on both sides of the road表示―在路的两边‖，on each/either side of the road―在路的每一边‖，这里要注意side的单复数问题。 例如：
There are a lot of buildings on each/either side of the road.
3、Moreover, mobile phones make communication easier now. （P 19） 这里的moreover是副词，表示―而且，再者‖。 例如：
The price of the house is too high; moreover, it is too old.
短语和句型归纳 短语归纳 1. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 2. by underground 乘地铁 3. be kind to... 对……友好 4. wait for 等待 5. be born 出生 6. all one’s life 一生 7. get married结婚
8. since then 自从那时候
9. turn……into 把……变成……
10. in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面 11. from time to time 有时，偶尔 12. because of 因为 13. hear about 听说 14. in the past 在过去
15. keep in touch with 和某人保持联系
8
16. each other 互相，彼此 17. go abroad 出国
18. communicate with sb. 和某人交流 19. take place 发生 20. have fun 玩得开心 21. run through 流经 22. play cards 打牌
23. in the northern part of 在……南方 24. live a.......life 过着……的生活 25. on one’s own 单独，独自地 26. move house 搬家 27. move away 搬走
28. living conditions 居住条件
29. in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间 30. on both sides 在两边
31. over the years 在这几年间 句型归纳 1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
2. It is +adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的 3. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事 5. as+形容词/副词 原级+as 和……一样…… 6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 7. hope+that从句 希望……
8. too many+可数名词复数 太多 9. Spend...on sth. 在某方面花费……
10. be/get used to（doing）sth. 习惯做某事
单元知识大过关
9