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结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 ②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。 2、被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。 （1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday. ②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如： People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that ? （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 ⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
（3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
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This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door won’t lock.门锁不上。 The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 （4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 ③be lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. （5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如： The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构) 二、精典名题导解 选择填空
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001) A.will request B.are requested
C.are requesting D.request
解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A.is changing B.has changed
C.will have changed D.will change
解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时
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表达。
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.（2000年春季高考） A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。
考点十六：动词短语考点盘点 1.break
vt. A. 打破、打碎、打断 Who broke the window into pieces? He fell and broke his leg. Try not to break the silence.
B.违反
He often breaks his promise/his word/ the law/ the rule. C.习语
break away突然离开
break away from sb.脱离、离开、背弃
break down 中断、粉碎、发生故障、（身体）跨了、（机器）坏了 break forth迸发、爆发、发泄
break in闯进、打断
break in on sb.打断某人的谈话 break into?闯入、侵占
break?into pieces打碎 break off折断、突然中断 break?open 撬开 break out爆发 break through?突破
break?up开垦、破碎、解散、分解 break with sb.与某人断交 break sb's heart使某人心碎 2.bring
A. vt. 带来、拿来（由远而近） Bring me the paper, please. He forgot to bring his umbrella. May I bring her to see you? Shall I bring the books upstairs?
After we were seated, she brought out dishes. B.习语
bring?about造成、导致
bring? down打落（飞机、禽鸟等）、降低（物价、温度等） bring? forward提出
bring?in引进、介绍、收获 bring?into being实现、使产生
bring?into effect/practice实行、贯彻
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bring?out出版、发表
bring?to an end/ a stop/ a close使终止、结束 bring? to mind使想起、回忆起 bring?together集合；召集 bring?up养育、呕吐 bring?to victory使走向胜利 bring?to safety带到安全地带 3.catch
A. vt. 抓住、逮住、挂住
He caught my hand and held it tightly. We caught ten monkeys in all. The nail caught my coat.
但是 vi. 挂住 His coat caught on a nail. The kite caught in a tree. B.赶上、搭上We'll hurry and catch the 10:30 bus. C.听懂Pease repeat it. I didn't quite catch you. Do you catch my meaning?
D.染上He caught a bad flu.
E.（出其不意地）撞上、碰上She caught him smoking. Some boys were caught stealing flowers from the garden. F. 给撞上、碰上The ship was caught in a hurricane. One night we were caught in a thunderstorm. Hurry up and don't get caught in a storm. G.习语
catch at sth. 想抓住、设法抓住 catch sb. by surprise出其不意抓住
catch/get/seize/take hold of?（突然）抓住、抓牢 catch sb's attention/eye吸引某人注意 catch sight of?看到、发现
catch the point of?抓住?的要点 catch up赶上
catch up with?赶上? 补上COME 4．Do
A. aux. v.
(1) 帮助构成一般过去时或一般现在时的疑问或否定式 They do not believe it. When id they arrive there?
(2) 用在肯定句和祈使句中加强语气 I do miss you, Mum. She does sing well. Do be on time.
So she did come after all.
(3) 用来表示前边提到的动作（以免重复）
---May I come round in the evening? ---Yes, please do. I knew he would help us, and he did.
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(4) 用于某些倒装句中
Only then did I realize he had been wrong. Never did he know anything about it. B. 做 vt.
Can I do anything for you?
We often do our homework together. The glass is broken. who did it? We did some reading last night. She did most of the talking. C. vi.
(1) 表示生活、学习等情况 How do you do?
They did very well in English but badly in maths. How did you do in the exam? How are you doing? (2) 行了、够了、可以
Talking with your mouth full won't do. On e piece of bread will do. (3) 做、办
Do as you are told to.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Let her do as she likes. D.习语
do?with?处理 What have you done with my bike? can do with?将就用 I can do with the old bed. do something about?对?采取措施
do sb. a favor=do a favor for sb.帮某人个忙
do away with?废除、破除、去掉
do sb. good/harm/wrong= do good/harm/wrong to sb. 对某人有益/有害/冤枉某人 do one's best/ bit/part=do everything/all/what one can尽力 do ?up包扎、扣（纽扣）
do without?没有?也行、不需要 have something to do with?与?有关 do right/wrong做得对/做错了 come A. vi.来
She is coming in no time. Here comes the soup. He came running all the way. 逐渐
He has come to love the stories by William Shakespeare. He has come to realize the importance of good English. B. link v.
His dream finally came true. C.习语
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