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Their wages were help up or reduced for no reason.
12.keep A. vt.
(1)保留 I'll keep a seat for you.
(2)养活；饲养 He has a large family to keep. He keeps some chicken. (3)使??处在??状态 Sorry to have kept you waiting. Let's keep the door open but keep the windows closed. You must keep us well informed Mr. Xue always keeps us busy. Close the door to keep the cold out. Let's keep the room in order. B. link v. 保持
We must keep fit.=We must keep in good health. Keep calm in time of danger. C.习语
keep a record of登记；记录 keep a secret保密 keep watch注意；提防
keep one's promise/word履行诺言 keep the law/rule遵守法律/法规 keep?apart使分离
keep away不接近；避开
keep?back扣下；阻止；留下；忍住（眼泪等） keep birthday/ Christmas庆祝生日/圣诞等 keep body and soul together维持生活 keep?down控制；缩减
keep sb. doing sth. 使??.坚持做 keep silence保持安静；保持沉默 keep sth. to oneself把??据为己有
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止；使免于；抑制 keep hold of?抓住不放 keep ?in mind记住
keep doing sth. 继续做；不断地做 keep on doing sth. 不停地做;反复地做 keep?out不许??.入内 keep out of?不参与
keep sb. company与某人做伴； 陪伴某人 keep to sth.坚持；固守（习惯等） keep?under control使得以控制 keep in touch with?与保持联系
keep up坚持；继续 keep up with?跟上 keep watch守望；站岗 13.know
A. vt.
(1)知道 I have known him since childhood. (2)懂得 Do you know Japanese?
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B.习语
be known as?通称为；以著称；被认为是 be known for?因而出名
be known to sb.为某人所了解 become well known出名
for all/anything/ everything I know 据我所知 It is well known that?众所周知 know about/ of了解；知道 know?for certain确实知道
know sb. by name仅知道某人的名字（不认识） know sb. by sight与某人面熟（不熟悉） know/learn ?by heart背诵
make?known/public公告；发表；表示 know/ tell right from wrong辨别是非
know no limits是无限的
A man's life is limited, but service to the people knows no limits. 14.leave
A. vi.离开；离去He left in a hurry without telling anyone. When are you leaving?
B. vt.(1)留下 She asked us to leave our address. (2)使处在某种状态
Sorry to have left some questions unanswered. He left the window open.
She left the baby crying bitterly. The illness left him rather weak. (3)剩下We have only three months left. C.习语
leave?about乱放 leave?alone放任不管 leave?behind留下；遗下 leave A for B离开A去B
leave hold of?放弃；松手
leave nothing to be desired尽善尽美
leave ?off停止
leave ?out省去；遗漏 leave?over留下；剩下 leave room for留下??余地 15.look A. vi. 看
He looked happily at his great grandchildren playing about him. B. link v.看起来 He looks cheerful and carefree. C.习语
have/take a look a?看一看 have a look of?好像；仿佛 look about四下环顾
look about for?四下寻找
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look after?照看；目送
look ahead考虑未来；预做准备 look as if?似乎；好象 look at?看
look away from?转移目光 look back回头看 look back on/ upon?回忆；回顾 look down on/ upon?俯视；蔑视 look for?寻找
look forward to doing sth. 期待；展望 look in（随便）看望
He looked in on Mr. Smith on his way to work. He went to look in at the fish farm.
look into?窥视；调查 look like?看起来像 look on旁观 look on A as B 认为A是B look out向外看； 注意；警戒 look out for?提防
look ?over审阅； 翻阅
look through?透过??看去; 彻底调查；从头看到底 look up to sb. 尊敬/仰望某人 look up仰视；胸怀大志
look sth. up查阅 look sb. in the eye/ face直视某人 16.make
A. vt.
(1)做；制造
Cell phones are made in this factory.
(2)和表示动作的名词连用，表示动作或活动 make a study of= study make use of= use make an examination of= examine make an explanation of= explain make a fool of=fool make fun of make repairs
make a suggestion= suggest make an attempt= attempt make an answer= answer make a decision=decide
make preparations for=prepare for make a guess at=guess make a speech make arrangements (3)使（做）；使（成为）
He made us work day and night. We were made to work day and night. Praise make good men better and bad men worse. We made you our monitor. What made you so frightened?
This machine makes it possible for us to finish the work in a short time. He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.(规定) (4)有条件成为
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She will make a good housewife. Cold tea makes an excellent drink in summer. B.习语
be made from由??原料制成 be made of由??材料制成 be made out of由??制成 be made up of由??所组成 be made into被制成??
be made to do sth. 被迫去做
make for=head for =make towards走向；冲向 make oneself understood/heard使自己被理解/听到 make?out理解；看清楚；辨认
make?up弥补；补偿；起草；捏造；化装；构成，占；言归于好，和解 make a living谋生 make bed铺床 make?clear表明；说明
make ends meet应付开支；维持生活；使收支相抵 make friends with与??交朋友
make one's way to sp.向??走去 make room/ way for为??让路
make sure/certain一定要；保证做到；核实 Make sure that you get there in time.
We must make certain they will come in time. make the best/most of尽量利用；充分利用 make up one's mind决心；决定 to make a long story short长话短说
make sb.'s hair stand on end使??毛骨悚然 make a fire生火 17.put
A. vt. 放 He put the book where he found it. B.习语
put?across清楚地表达
put an end/a stop to sth.结束；消灭 put?aside把放在一边；抛弃；积蓄
put?away把收起来；储存备用；
put?back把放回原处；拨回（钟表的指针等） put?down放下；镇压；记下；削减 put?forth发表；提出
put?forward提出；建议；拨快（钟表的指针等） put?in插话；伸进
put?off推迟；延期；脱（衣服等） put?on穿上；增加（体重等）；上演 put?out放出；熄灭；出版；生产 put?right改正（错误）；整理；治愈 put sb. at ease使某人放心、安心、宽心 put through?完成；
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put A through to B把A接通B（电话）
put?together合计；装配（机器等）；把??放在一起 put?up举起；挂起；搭起；上演；陈列；张贴 put up with?忍受
put?into practice把应用到实践中去 put sb. to bed打发睡觉
put sth. to/into use使得以应用 put?into English把翻译成英语 put in a word for sb.为某人进言 put sb. in charge使某人负责 put sth. in order使井井有条 put on airs摆架子
put sb. to death/test处死/考验 18.run
A. vi. (1)跑 They came running to meet us.
(2)行驶 The train was running at 80 miles an hour. (3)流All the rivers will run into the sea. We mustn't let the water run to waste.
His nose is running all day because he has a bad cold. B. vt. 管理；经营They have run six factories. He runs the school well.
C. link v. 变得The river began to run dry. Our food supply is running low. His blood ran cold at the news. Their money is running short. The garden was running wild. D.习语
run a fever发高烧 run after sb./ sth.追求 run away逃跑 run for?竞选
run into?邂逅；偶遇 run on滔滔不绝往下说 run out（某物）用完 run out of?用完（某物） run short（某物）短缺 run short of?短缺（某物） run up to?合计为；高达 run a risk冒险
run across?邂逅；偶遇 run ahead of?领先于 run away with?带??而逃走 run against?邂逅；偶遇；违反 run at?袭击；冲向
run over溢出； run over?.过目；浏览 run smooth进展顺利
run through?花光；用尽；略谈 run up迅速成长；（物价）上涨 run upon?邂逅；偶遇 19.see
A. vt. (1)看到；看见
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