初中英语300组常用词语辨析完整版1(5)

2019-04-13 23:42

§242 keekp doing sth/ keep on doing sth/ keep sb doing sth/ keep sb or sth from doing sth/ stop……from doing sth/ prevent……from doing sth

Ⅰ.keep doing sth 表示―继续(不断)地做某事‖指无停顿或停顿较短。或后接表静态的动词。如:sit sleep. Wait, stand,等。

He kept sitting there for half an hour without moving. 他一动不动地在那儿站了半个小时。

Ⅱ.keep on doing sth 表经过一段时间的间隙后―继续做同一件事‖后可接表动态的词。如walk, write talk 等。还暗指不顾困难、反对、警告而―坚持‖做某事。

They kept on working in the field, though it was raining.虽然天正在下雨,他们还是继续在田里干活。 Ⅲ.keep sb doing sth. ―使某人处于某种状态‖

Our Chinese teacher kept us reading by ourselves the whole class. 整个一节课, 我们的语文老师都让我们自己看书。

Ⅳ.keep sb / sth from doing sth. ―阻止、防止某人/ 某物做某事‖如:

The policeman kept the children from crossing the road when it was dangerous. 危险的时候,这位警察阻止了孩子们过马路。

Be carful! Keep the glass from dropping on to the floor. 当心!防止玻璃掉到地板上。

Ⅴ. prevent……from doing sth与上同意,但较正式,隐含预防之意。From在被动语态中不可省。如: In many countries, laws have been passed to prevent factories from sending out poisonous gases and polluted water. 许多国家已制定法律来制止工厂排放有毒的气体和污水。 Ⅵ,stop……from doing sth. 与上可代换。它常指现场的具体行为。如:

The policeman stopped the children from playing football in the street. 警察制止孩子们在街上踢球。 §243 kill/ murder/ slaughter

Ⅰ.kill的意思是―杀‖,是普通用语,不限于用刀杀人,而可指用任何办法把人或动物弄死。如: He was killed. 他被杀死了。

He was killed in a train accident. 他在一次火车事故中死亡。 They killed animals for food. 他们宰杀动物为食。

Ⅱ.murder的意思是―谋杀‖,指非法地、存心不良地或有预谋地杀人。如: They murdered a revolutionary. 他们谋害了一个革命者。

Ⅲ.slaughter的意思是―屠杀‖,指大批地、残酷地杀人,也可指屠宰动物。如:

Old men, woman and children were mercilessly slaughtered. 老人、妇女和孩子们都遭到残酷的屠杀。 §244 kind/ sort

Ⅰ.kind表示种类的意思时,指属于同种类的东西。如: This is a new kind of machine. 这是一种新式机器。 What kind of man is he? 他是怎样的人?

Ⅱ.sort的意思也是―种类‖,指大体相似的东西。在语言实践中,这两个词常被毫无区别地使用着,不过,当表示带有轻蔑的意味时,多用sort。如:

What sort of book do you want? 你需要哪一种书? I’ll never do this sort of thing. 我决不会干这种事。 What sort of people go there? 什么样的人到那儿去?

§245 know/ know about/ know of Ⅰ. know ―知道‖;―了解‖。侧重直接性。如: I know her very well. 我很了解她。

I don’t know his current address. 我不知道他目前的地址。 Ⅱ. know about ―知道知道关于……的情况‖。

I happened to know about him. 我碰巧了解他的情况。 I don’t know about that matter. 我不知道那件事。 Ⅲ. know of ―知道有……‖;―听说过……‖,侧重间接性。

I know of the town but I’ve never been there. 我知道有那么个镇子,但从未去过那里。 I don’t know Mark, but I know of him. 我不认识马克,但我听说过他。 §246 know/ recognize

Ⅰ.know表示认识的意思时,可以表示认识或熟悉某人,也可以只表示认识某人是谁(即认得某人是个什么样子)。它不仅可以用于人,还可以用于地方等。如: Do you know him? 你认识他吗?

I have known him for more than ten years. 我认识他有十多年了。

I know him by sight but have never spoken to him. 我认识他是谁,但从没有和他谈过话。 He knows the city thotoughly. 他很熟悉那个城市。

Ⅱ. recognize表示认识的意思时,表示能认出曾经见过或原来认识的人或物。如: Do you recognize him? 你认得他是谁吗?

I did not recognize him at once. 我一下子都认不得他了。

When he came back to Nanjing, he hardly recognized the city. 当他回到南京时,他几乎认不得这个城市了。 §247 lay / lie

这两个词常易混淆,主要是因为两者的意义及它们的过去式和分词形式极易混淆。

Ⅰ.lay通常用作及物动词,意为―摆、放、下蛋或产卵‖等,过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为laid, laid, laying。如:

He laid the papers on the desk and then went out. 他把文件放在桌上,然后出去了。 They were laying the foundation of the house. 他们在给房子打地基。 The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nets. 杜鹃在别的鸟巢中产卵。

Ⅱ.lie一般作不及物动词用,作―躺;平放‖解时,其过去式和过去分词分别为lay, lain;作―撒谎‖解时,其过去式和过去分词均为lied,现在分词均为lying 。如:

She lay on the beach all morning. 她整个上午都躺在沙滩上。 How long has he lain there like that? 他像那样躺在那儿有多久了? He lied to me. 他对我撒了谎。 §248 learn/ study

Ⅰ. 这两个动词都作―学习‖讲,有时可以互换使用。 He is learning / studying English now. 现在他在学习英语。

Ⅱ. learn 往往通过学习、练习或由别人教授以获得某种知识或技能,侧重学习的成果,有―学会、学到‖的意思。study 通常指比较深入地学习,含有努力去学的意味,它侧重学习的过程,有―研究、钻研‖的意思。如:

He studied hard and finally learned the language. 他努力学习,终于学会了这种语言。 He studies in a school near here. 他在附近的一所学校读书。 But I am learning to skate. 但我在学习滑冰。 §249 leave sw/ leave for sw

Ⅰ. Leave的意思是―离开‖,既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 He left Rome. 他离开了罗马。 It’s time for us to leave. 我们该走了。

Ⅱ. Leave for 的意思是―前往‖,指离开某地去另一地,for 后面跟表示目的地的地点名词。 He left for Rome. 他动身去了罗马。

The delegation left for Guangzhou by plane. 代表团乘飞机前往广州。 §250 leave/ forget

Ⅰ. 这二个词都有―忘记‖的意思。但leave 表示―忘了带……‖; ―把……落在某个地方了‖,后面有地点状语。 forget + 如:

I left my handbag in the office.我把手提包落在办公室了。

We often see Mr. Gates standing outside his own house because he often leaves the key in the house.我们经常看到盖茨先生站在他自家门外,因为他常把钥匙忘在家里。

I have never forgotten my family’s birthdays. 我从没忘记过家人的生日。 Ⅱ. 还有―离开、留下;使处于……状态; 听任‖的意思。如:

In 1933, Einstein and his family left Europe for USA. 1933年爱因斯坦和他的家人离开欧洲去了美国。 Jim left a message on the computer to you just now. 刚才吉姆在电脑上给你留言了。 They went into the café, leaving the car unlocked. 他们没锁车,走进了咖啡厅。 [谚语]:Never leave today’s work until tomorrow. 今天的事今天做。 §251 lift/ raise

Ⅰ. lift ―举起、提起、抬起‖常常表举(提、抬)起某物时需要费些力气。如: This is too heavy for me to lift. 这太重了,我举不起。

He lifted a pail of water from the ground. 他把一桶水从地上提了起来。 Ⅱ. raise ―举起、抬起‖着重指使某物竖立起来。如:

Those who are ready, please raise your hand. 准备好的人,请举手。 He raised his head. 他抬起了头。 §252 like/ love/ be fond of

Ⅰ. like ―喜欢、喜爱‖与dislike相对。是本组词中语意最弱的词。如: I like the poem. 我喜欢这首诗。 I don’t like smoking. 我不喜欢抽烟。

Ⅱ. love ―爱、热爱‖与hate相对。带有强烈的感情,是本组词中语意最强的词。如: We love our socialist motherland. 我们热爱我们的社会主义祖国。 I like her , but I don’t love her. 我喜欢她,但并不爱她。

Ⅲ. be fond of ―喜欢、爱好‖,语意比like强,但比love弱。其后不能接不定式。如: He is fond of music. 他爱好音乐。

I am fond of reading. 我喜欢读书。

He is very fond of his mother. 他很喜欢他的母亲。

[注]:prefer ―比起……更喜欢……‖,其比较对象通常用在介词to 后。如: Which would you prefer, tea or coffee?

I prefer tea to coffee. 茶和咖啡,你喜欢哪? 比起咖啡来我更喜欢茶。 §253 little/ small

Ⅰ. little ―小的‖与big 和great 相对,表本身小,不含比一般小的意味。用这个词时,往往带有感情色彩。如: What a pretty little house! 一所多漂亮的小房子!

I want the little box, not the big one. 我要小箱子,不要大的。 [说明]:little指人时,表和成年人相比,个子小年龄也小。

Ⅱ. small ―小的‖与large 相对,它常与little 通用。但多指,就一般标准而言比较小的东西,不带感情色彩。如; The boy is small for his age. 就年龄来说,这男孩的个子小了些。 He lives in a small room. 他住在一个小房间里。 §254 like / as

Ⅰ. like 用于比较或比喻,表示―像……一样‖。

Sometimes he behaves like a fool. 有时他的行为举止像个傻瓜。

I beg you not to say anything like that to my parents. 我恳求你不要对我的父母说那样的话。 Ⅱ. as 则表示某人或某事实际上具有as后面所描写的特征或身份,此时as当―作为;当作‖解。如: He works as a gardener. 他的工作是个园丁。

Originally, our house was used as a hotel. 原先我们的房子是作旅馆用的。

Ⅲ. 另外一点要提及的是as可用作连词,后面接句子;like在正规英语中不能用作连词。如: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (谚) 入国问禁,入乡随俗。 §255 look/ look at/ notice/ see/ watch / read / gaze.

Ⅰ. look ―看‖强调看的动作,指有意思地看,是不及物动词。接宾语时用介词at 即:look at.如: Look, what’s the boy doing? He is looking at the picture. Ⅱ. see 强调―看‖的结果。指视力。如:

He looked at the blackbord but he didn’t see nothing. Ⅲ. notice 是指用眼睛或其它感官或感觉去―注意到‖;―看到‖ I noticed that he came early,我注意到他来得很早。

I noticed him enter(ing) the office. 我看到他走进了(正在走进)办公室。 Ⅳ. watch 强调―观看‖其行为动作,跟踪其运动着的目标。含有―监视‖之意。如: watch TV / a game /a play /sb. 看电视 / 比赛 / 戏曲/某人

Ⅴ, read 指―看书、报、杂志等‖, 指用大脑去思考,含有阅读之意。如: He is reading a book.

§256 look/ look for/ find/ find out / look up

Ⅰ. look ―看‖指看的意识,强调看的行为动作。是不及物动词。不能直接接宾语。如: Look, they are playing on the playground.

Ⅱ. look for ―寻找‖指有目的地找。强调―寻找‖这一动作。

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?

Ⅲ. find ―找到、发现‖指经过一番努力后―找到‖丢失的人或东西。强调―找‖的结果。如: I can’t find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。

The poor granny is looking for her little son. I hope she can find him. 这个可怜的老奶奶在找她的小儿子,我希望她能找到他。

Ⅳ. find out ―找出、查明‖用着及物动词短语,常表达找出答案,弄明真相,查明情况等意思。如: Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 Ⅴ. look up ―向上看;查字典‖如:

She looked up and she saw many birds in the sky.

You must look up the new words when you don’t know how to pronounce it. §257 what’s …like?/ How’s …?

Ⅰ. What’s …like? ―询问某人或事物的持久的特性、特征, 如相貌等。 如:

① ---What’s your elder sister like? ---She’s a kind and humorous woman. 你姐是怎样一个人? 她是一个既和善又幽默的女人。

② ---What’s your father like? ---He is tall and fat. 你父亲长得怎么样? 他又高又胖。

③ ---What’s the spring in the north like? ---It’s usually very windy and dry. 北方的春天怎么样? 通常风很大而且干燥。

Ⅱ. How’s …? 用来询问暂时 的情况,或对经历过事的感受,或问候别人的健康。如:

① --How’s your study these days? --Very well. Thank you. 近来的学习情况怎样? 很好, 谢谢。 ② How was the film last night? Great! 昨晚的电影怎么样? 好极了! How is your sister? She’s very well. 你姐好吗(身体怎样)? 她很好。 [注意]:下面两句子的含义是不一样的。 How was the film? 这电影怎样?

What was the film like? 这电影讲什么?(请对方对电影作一番描述或评论) §258 none / nobody / no one

Ⅰ. none 既可指人,也可指物,意为―没有人;没有东西‖等,表三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定。与all是反义词。后可接of 短语。作主语时,如果它指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用单数、复数形式都可以,用单数时强调个体,表―没有一个人‖;用复数则强调整体,表―所有人都没有‖。如果它指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。常常用来回答how many & how much 以及有特定范围的问题。如:

How many of the women are teachers? None (of them is / are). 这些女士中有多少是老师? 一个也没有。 How much water is left in the bottle? Nove (of it is left). 瓶子里还剩多少水? 一点儿也没剩。

Which of the boys plays football well? None(of them does). 这些男孩中哪个足球踢得好? 一个也没有。 Ⅱ. nobody & no one 指代人,意为―没有人‖。作主语时谓语动词有单数形式,后不能跟of 短语,常常用来回答who 和不确定的问题。如:

Luckily, nobody / no one was gurt in this accident. 幸运的是,没有人在这场事故中受伤。 Who went to the net bar this week? Nobody / No one. 这周谁去过网吧? 没有人。 §259 look/ seem

Ⅰ. seem ―看来、似乎‖既可作连系动词,以可做不及物动词,后接:形容词、名词、介词短语或不定式。 如:


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