初中英语300组常用词语辨析完整版1(7)

2019-04-13 23:42

Ⅰ. no longer = not … any longer, ―不再‖强调时间和动作不再持续,常与状态动词和延续性动词连用,如wait, stay, be等。 但no longer与no more 一样通常放在―三类词(情态动词、 助动词、连系动词)‖之后。行为动词之前。而not … any longer 与not … any more 一样,其中的not与谓语动词构成否定式,常放在―三类词‖之后。any longer,与any more 放在句末。如: He’s no longer living in this city. 他不住在这个城市了。 You are not a child any longer. 你已不再是个孩子了。

Ⅱ. no more = not … any more ―不再‖强调数量、次数上不再增加和强调动作终止的结果,因此,常与名词、瞬间动词连用,如hear, see, leave等。如: There’s no more bread. 不再有面包了。 He didn’t go there any more. 他再没去过那儿。 §277 no matter what/ whatever/ what ever

Ⅰ.no matter what―不管什么,无论什么‖用来引导让步状语从句。类似的词组还有:no matter where ―不论哪里‖, no matter which ―不论哪一个‖,no matter how―不论怎样‖如:

They are going to win the football match, no matter how bad the weather is. 不管天气多么糟糕,他们会赢得这场足球比赛。

No matter who knocks, don’t open the door. 不管谁敲门,都不要开门。

Give me a call first no matter when you come. 不管什么时候来,都请你先给我打个电话。

Ⅱ.whatever 是连接代词,可以作―无论什么‖解,引导让步状语从句,可以这样用的连接代词或连接副词有whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however等。如:

Whatever you do, do your best. =No matter what you do, do your best. 无论你干什么,都要尽最大努力去干。 Whoever telephones, tell him I am out. = No matter who telephones, tell him I am out. 无论谁给我打电话,就说我出去了。

Wherever he may be, he will be happy. = No matter where he may be, he will be happy. 无论在什么地方,他都是乐呵呵的。

Ⅲ.whatever 还可以解作 ―凡是……的;所……的东西‖(anything that),用来引导一个名词性从句,这时不能用no matter what 替换。如:

Take whatever you want. 你要什么就拿什么吧。 Whatever I have is yours. 我所有的东西全都是你的。

Ⅳ. what ever 中的ever意为―究竟;到底‖,用在疑问词what后面,以加强语气,着重表示说话者的情绪,如惊讶、愤怒、兴奋等,what ever 在意义上等于what on earth 或what in the world, 其他疑问词也可以这样用。如:

What ever do you think you’re doing?你想想,你到底在干什么? Who ever left the door open?究竟是谁把门敞着不关?

Where ever did you pick up the pen? 你到底在哪儿捡到的这支钢笔? §278 not at all/ not … at all

Ⅰ. not at all 是客套话,意为―别客气‖相当于 That’s all right; You are welcome. 如: ①--Thank you very much. –Not at all.

Ⅱ. not…at all ―根本不‖;―一点也不‖。at all 用以加强语气。如:

She doesn’t like it at all. 她根本不喜欢它。 He didn’t come at all. 他根本没来。 §279 officer/ official

Ⅰ. officer ―官员‖常指武官,有时也指文官。如:

The officer put down his arms and jumped into the pond for the fish. 那军官放下武器,跳到池塘里捉鱼去了。 His father is a police officer. 他父亲是警官。 He is an administrative officer.他是行政官。 Ⅱ. official ―官员‖通常指政府的文职官员。如:

An official is suspended from office. 有一位官员被停职。 They are government officials. 他们是政府官员。 §280 on time/ in time

Ⅰ.in time ―及时‖,指的是不迟到或在提前的时间之前做某事,后面可接不定式或for短语。 Ⅱ.on time―准时‖,指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事,后面不可以跟不定式或for短语。如: Joe was just in time for the bus. Joe正好赶上那班汽车。

They got there on time to see the exhibition. 他们准时到那儿,去看了那个展览。 §281 one/ it

Ⅰ. it 所指代的,与前面的名词是同一事物;它常替代限定词the, this, that 所修饰的单数名词,此外还可用来表示称赞或责备某人做了某事。如:

Whose is the pen? Oh it’s mine. 这支笔是谁的?哦,是我的。

It’s very kind of you to invite me to the party. 承蒙邀请,不胜感激。(代to invite…)

Ⅱ. one 所指代的是前面名词提到的同类事物,但不是同一件,它具有泛指的性质;它只能代替可数名词,复数形式是ones 如:

Have you got a pen? No, I haven’t. Please ask Tom, I think he has got one. 你有钢笔吗?不,我没有。你去找一下汤姆吧,我想他有一只。 §282 pardon/ sorry/ excuse/

Ⅰ.pardon主要用于没有听清别人的说的话,请别人重复。或宽恕严重的过失或冒犯。可作名词和动词。 sorry 用于因做错了事或伤害了他人而向某人道歉。是形容词 Excuse则用于打扰别人或防碍别人的场合。

Please pardon me for not arriving sooner. 请原谅我没有及时赶到。

I did wrong and I’m going to beg their pardon. 我做错了,我打算去请求他们原谅我。 I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 听说你的母亲病了,我很难过。 You’ll be sorry about that. 你会为此事后悔的。 Excuse me, may use your pen? §283 past/ passed/ pass/ passor

Ⅰ. past 是动词pass的过去时和过去分词。在句中作谓语。意为―通过、传递‖,时间的―消逝‖等。如: He passed (by) the bank. 他路经银行。 She passed him the cake. 她把蛋糕递给他。

Two months passed before we had any news of them. 两个月过去了,我们才得到一点他们的消息。

Ⅱ. passer ―过路人‖;―过客‖。

Ⅲ. past 不是动词形式,它除作为pass的过去分词形容词,作表语与定语外,还可作介词、副词及名词。如: He has been working hard in the past few weeks. 他在过去的几周里工作得很努力。(形) The past is past. 过去的事就让它过去了。(形,名) She walked pasti him hurriedly. 她从他身边匆匆而过。(介 The years went past without notice. 岁月不觉流逝。(副词) §284 path/ road/ way

Ⅰ. path ―道路‖侧重于指―小道;小径‖通常指走出来的路或指人行道等。如: There is a path to the top of the hill. 有一条小路通向山顶。

Keep to the pathor you maybe lose your way. 沿着这条路走,否则你可能会迷路。 Ⅱ. road 通常人和交通工具通行的一条条的路,它可以用作借喻,表示导致……途径。如: Where does this road lead to?这条路通什么地方?

It was very hot day, and the road was terrible dusty. 那是非常炎热的一天,路上的尘土多得惊人。 It is the road to success. 这是成功之路。

Ⅲ. way 不是指人和交通工具通行的一条条的路,而是指要达到特定的地点必须通过的地方。如: It is a long way from here to the station. 从这儿到车站有一大段路。 Which is the shortest way there? 到那儿去哪条路最近? They are still on the way. 他们还在路上。 §285 personal/ personnel

Ⅰ. personal [`p?:s?nl]与 personnel[?p?:s?`nel]两个词音形相近,但词性和词义不同。如: personal 是形容词,―个人的;私人的;亲身的‖。 That is my personal opinion. 那是我个人的意见。 She made a personal appearance. 她亲自到场。

Ⅱ. personnel 是个集体名词,没有复数形式。―全体人员;工作人员‖如: Our personnel are very highly trained. 我们的工作人员训练有素。

The personnel are unhappy about these changes. 全体工作人员都不满意这些变动。 §286 point / score

Ⅰ. point 指在考试、比赛中的―分‖。如: 90 points . 90 分

We won / lost the game by 3 points. 我们以三分之差得胜/ 失败。 Ⅱ. score 指―成绩‖。如:

a score of 90 points . 90分的成绩。

She scored 20points in the competition. = Her score of the competition is 20. 她在竞赛中得了20分。 §287 point to/ point at

point to 与point at 都有用手指着某人或某物的意思。但后者还可表―对准;瞄准‖之意。如: She pointed to a boy and said that he was her brother.

He pointed his gun at the enemy and shouted ―Hands up‖他把口对准敌人,大声喊:―举起手来‖。 §288 police/ policeman

Ⅰ. police 常用作复数,其后不加-s. 如: The police are on duty. 那些警察在值班。

Ⅱ. policeman ―警察‖与police 同意。其复数形式为policemen. (policewoman→policewomen) .但表一个警察时,应说:one / a policeman. 而不说:one / a police. §289 problem/ question

Ⅰ. problem 通常指须急于解决或决定的重大问题或难题。如 This is a difficult social problem to solve. 这是很难解决的社会问题。 He is clever enough to work out the maths problem.

Ⅱ. question 着重指由于对某事感到疑惑不解或不能断定而提出,并等待解答的问题。一般是不难的,在较短时间内能解决的问题。因此,我们可说:answer the question. 如: Please answer the question. §290 propose/ suggest

Ⅰ. propose ―建议、提议‖,是书面语,带有正式和庄严的色彩。如: I propose an early start. 我建议及早开始(或动身)。

We propose that the house (should) be repaired. 我们建议对房屋进行修理。 Ⅱ. suggest ―建议、提议‖,但没有propose正式。如: I suggest a visit to the theatre. 我建议去看戏。

I suggest that we (should) begin at once. 我建议我们立即开始。 He suggest going to the Summer Palace. 他建议去颐和园。 §291 pupil/student

Ⅰ.pupil 特指―小学生;初等学校的学生‖。也可指在教师指导下从事研究的―学生;门徒‖如: The peanist often gives pisno lessons to her pupils. 这位钢琴家经常给她的学生上钢琴课。

Ⅱ.student 指―大专院校的学生;中学生‖。 有时,也可指研究或攻读某一学科的人。如:—→a college student. a middle school student.

He is a student of science. 他是一个理科学生。 §292 quick/ fast / rapid /soon

Ⅰ. quick ―快‖一般指动作敏捷迅速,毫不延迟,在较短的时间内发生或完成某项动作。如: She ran with quick steps to the house. 她快步跑进屋子。 Ⅱ. fast―快‖主要用作副词。指运动着的人或物体速度快。 The watch is only two minutes fast. 这只表只快两分钟。

Ⅲ. rapid 指一个或一连串的动作迅速、敏捷,着重指运动本身,有时也指激流。如: The diligent boy makes rapid progress in his studies. 这个勤奋的男孩儿学业进步迅速。 Their country house stands by a rapid steam. 他们的农舍在急流的溪边。 Ⅳ. soon 着重指时间方面的快,可指现在或某个特定的时间的不久以后。如: He will come back very soon.他将很快就回来。 §293 quite / very/ too

Ⅰ. Quite 是程度副词,可修饰副词、形容词和动词。跟表程度的词连用时,有―相当‖―非常‖的意思;跟没有程度差别的词连用时,作―完全‖讲。如:

I feel quite well. 我觉得身体不很不错。 I am quite tired. 我相当 累了。

We are not quite ready. 我们还没有完全准备好。

Ⅱ. Very 也是程度副词。―很;非常‖可用来修饰形容词或副词。 如: This factory is very large. He runs very fast.

[注意]:very 不能直接修饰动词。如: I quite like her. = I like her very much

Ⅲ. Quite 与 very 有时可以通用。但在份量上very 比quite 重。试比较: His English is quite good.(= not bad)他的英语很不错。 His English is very good. (= excellent)他的英语好极了。

Ⅳ. Quite & very 与不定冠词连用时位置不同。即依照:―a(n)+very+形容词+中心名词‖和―quite + a(n) + 形容词 +中心词‖的顺序排列。 如:

Jimes was quite a small baby. Jimes是个小孩子。 Jimes was a very small baby. Jimes 是个很小的孩子。 Ⅴ. Too ―太、过分‖含有超过容许的程度。带有否定的意味。 It is too cold today. 今天太冷了。(含有不喜欢或不……) It was very cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。

[注意]:very 不能与too连用。不可以说:It’s very too cold.应将very 改为much或far.如: The cap is too big for me. §294 quite/ rather/ very

都是程度副词,意为:―非常、相当、很‖,无比较级和最高级。其区别在于: Ⅰ. quite 可直接修饰动词。如:

Some people don’t like the winter, but I quite like it.

Ⅱ. rather 不可直接修饰动词。语气稍强。可与would 连用构成 would rather…than…这个平行连词结构。如: She is rather tall. 她相当高。

Iwould rather stay at home(than go for a walk) 我宁愿呆在家里。(也不愿到散步) I would rather you stayed at home.

I would rather listen to music than to swimming. 我宁愿听音乐,也不愿去游泳。 Ⅲ. very 也不能直接修饰动词。修饰形容词或副词时,语气最强。如: I like English very much = I quite like English.

His English is very good. (程度强=excellent) →His English is quite (rather) good. (程度轻=not bad) [注]:quite (rather) 和very 与―不定冠词+形容词+名词‖连用时位置不同。其排列顺序是: ▲ ―quite + a (an) +adj + noun‖ → ―a + quite (rather) +adj +noun‖ 如: This is quite an interesting film.

It’s a quite (rather) fine day today. (只有名词前有形容词修饰时,冠词a / an 才可置前。 ―a + very + adj + noun‖ 如:

① I watched a very interesting TV play.

§295 real/ true

Ⅰ.real 指客观上存在,并非想象和虚构的,它是与―无‖相对而言的。如: This is a story of real life. 这是一个从真实生活中取材的故事。 This is a real diamond.这是一颗真正的钻石。

Ⅱ. true 指符合某一标准或实际情况的,强调真实性。如: True love should last for ever. 真爱永不渝。

Is it true that you’re going abroad for your holidays? 你要到国外去度假是真的吗? [注]:come true ―(梦想)实现‖不用real.

genuine [`dЗenju:in]指没有掺假的,货真价实的,强调纯真度。如: Is the bracelet[`breislit] genuine gold? 这手镯是真金的吗? §296 river/ stream/ brook

Ⅰ. river 指流向湖、海等有一定航运能力的―江、河‖。是通用词。常见于河流名称中。如: the Changjiang River

Ⅱ. stream ―川、溪、小河‖指比江、河小的溪、小河等。 Ⅲ. broom ―小溪、小河‖指流量极小的stream. §297 road/ street/ way

Ⅰ. road 指人和交通工具通行的―路‖,也借喻:―导致……的途径‖如: Where does the road lead to? 这条路通什么地方? It is the road to success. 这是成功之路。

Ⅱ. street ―街道‖指由建筑物夹成的路。无road用法广泛。 Don’t play in the street.

Ⅲ. way 不是指实实在在的路,而是指达到特定的地点所须经过的地方。与方向有关。如: It is a long way from here to the station. 从这儿到车站有一大段路程。 Which is the shortest way there?到那儿去哪条路最近? §298 say/ speak/ talk/ tell

Ⅰ. say “说、讲”普通用语,指用言语表达思想,强调所说的内容。如: What did he say? 他说了些什么? He said that it was true. 他说那是真实的。

Ⅱ. speak “说、讲”可表示以任何一种方式说话。它着重于说话这一动作本身。而不强调所说的内容。为不及物动词。作及物动词时与表语言的词连用。如: Please speak more slowly. 请说得慢一些。 The baby is learning to speak. 这小孩在学说话。 She can speak English fluently. 她英语说得很流利。

Ⅲ. talk “谈话、讲话”,通常表连贯地与别人谈话。强调谈话这一动作,而不是内容。如: He was talking to a friend. 他在和一个朋友谈话。

He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said. 他滔滔不绝地讲了半天,但是他说得太快,我们几乎没有什么人能听懂他说的些什么。 She is always talking nonsense. 她总爱讲废话。


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