? make up 组成 ? APPEAR
1. appear [?’pi:r] (E) v. 出现，出场，问世；(E) v. 好像是，仿佛
2. appearance [?’pi:r?ns] (appear的名词) (I) n. 出现，出场，问世 make an appearance 出面，出
场；(I) n. 外表，外观 judge by appearance 从外表上判断 apparent [?’p?r?nt] (appear的形容词) (I) adj. 明显的；(A) adj. 外表的；貌似的 more apparent than real 表面而非实际
[派生] apparently adv. 显然；宛然，俨然，似乎
??He appears (to be) rich.(a) ?? ?他似乎很富有。?It appears that he is rich.(b) Apparently he is rich.??? ARCTIC
1. arctic [‘a:ktik][‘a:tik] a. 北极的；北极圈的；the Arctic 北极(北极在地球仪看来是圆弧的一
个端点，故arctic指北极) arc，arch→圆弧，统治 2. arc [a:k] n. v. 弧
3. arch n. v. 拱，拱门(洞) The Arch of Triumph 凯旋门
4. monarch [‘m?n?rk] n. 君主。 [词源] 古之君王在圆弧形的宫殿中执政。mon→mono→single 单一 5. Antarctic [?n’ta:ktik] a. 南极的；the Antarctic 南极 ant-→anti，相反，相对 ?
I know a boy callednamed Tom.
? make sb. do sth.
?
??Goldfish is easy to take care of.?take care of ? ??I'll take care of your dog.??look for? fish单复数同形 ? hear sb. doing sth. hear sb. do sth. 看到某人正在做某事 看到某人做过某事 ? perfect [p?’fekt] adj.完美的；理想的；纯粹的。熟练的，精通的 (in)。 ? buy sb. sth. buy sth. for sb. ? ? ? ? composition [k?mp?’zi∫n] n. 编制；结构，构造，组成，组织；成分；合成物。 congratulation [k?ngr???’lei∫n] n. 祝贺；〔pl.〕祝词，贺辞。 How / What about sth. / doing sth. She’s too big to sleep in the house. She’s so big that she can’t sleep in the house. too?to? so?that? ? trendy [‘trendi] adj. ? Why don’t you v.(原型) ? get sth. for sb. get sb. sth.
? ARMY
1. army [‘a:mi] (E) n. 军队，军 → (I) n. 大群 an army of ants
the three services (三军): army 陆军 navy 海军 air forces 空军 2. army (军队) → arm(军器，武器)
[词源] army 原意即“持武器的人群”
arm [a:m] (I) v. 武装，装备 [与arm (手臂) 异源] armed to teeth 武装到牙齿
[词源] 所谓“武装到牙齿”原是“一个人两手各执一把刀，牙齿上还咬着一把刀”。
They went into the examination room, armed to teeth with pens, pencils and rulers. disarm [dis’a:m] v. 解除武器，裁军
armour [‘a:m?] n. 盔甲，装甲 a suit of armour [派生] armoured adj. 装甲的；armoury n. 军械库
arms (I) n. 武器，武装 arms and ammunition [?mj?’ni∫n] 武器弹药
alarm [?’la:m] (“To (the) arms”(拿起武器，准备战斗)之缩略) (I) n. 警报 a fire alarm 火警，an alarm bell 闹钟；(I) v. 惊动，惊恐； (A) n. 惊恐，惊慌
? while [wail] 一段时间；一会儿；(所需、所费的)功夫。 ? Sth. cost (sb.) some money. ? not ?? at all 一点也不
? asleep adj. 表语或后置定语 → fall asleep → sleepy a. 瞌睡的；嗜睡的。
? through [θru:] ad. & a. 穿过，通过，经历；从头到尾，完全，全部；到最后，到底，彻底；透；完毕。
直通的，直达的。〔英国〕(电话)接通；〔美国〕通话完毕。
? rather than ：?.I’d call her hail black rather than brown.
?.It’s you rather than me who will go there. ?.She is an actress rather than a singer. ?.She likes singing rather than dancing.
?.I decided to write a letter rather than (to) make a call. ? too many too much much too ? n. 利益。爱好。 interest [‘intr?st] ? ? ? ? ? ? v. 使发生兴趣。 interested take an interest in I have an interest in learning English. Sing English song interests me a lot. be interested in sth. / doing sth. 对??感兴趣 n. [C] (pl.) n. [U] a. modest [‘m?d?st] a. 淑静的，贞节的；有节制的，适度的，适中的；不大的。 Jurassic Period [d?u’r?sik] [‘pi:ri:?d] 侏罗纪 Sweden n. 瑞典 Swede [swi:d] n. 瑞典人
improve [im’pru:v] v. 改良，改善，增进。利用，活用。增高(土地等的)价值。 as a.(原) / ad.(原) as It takes sb. to do sth. Sth. cost sb. some money. Sb. pays some money for sth. Sb. spend
on sth. (in) doing sth.
? enter = go into = take park in ?
?sth. 通过：by??doing sth.? advantage [?d’v?ntid?] [CN] 利益，好处。优点，优越性，有利方面；优势。 ? hear from sb. 收到某人来信 hear from sb.’s letter.(收到某人信的来信) ? suggest [s?’d?est] 建议，提议，提出(计划等)。暗示，绕着弯儿讲。
suggest sth. / doing sth. / 从句 / to do sth. ? make friends with 与谁谁交友
? native speaker of English 以英语为母语的人 ? encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ? 现在完成时不直接跟时间连用 ? quite a good = a very good ? by heart 用心
? Have / Make sth. done 使某物被??
? satisfy [‘s?t?sfai] v. 使满足，使果腹；达到(要求)。令人满意。 ? learn about 了解 ? six months earlier six months ago 提前六个月 六个月前 ? instead [in’sted] ad. 代替，顶替。
? contest n. & v. 竞争，争论。竞赛，比赛。争夺(胜败，土地等)。 ? Tom is a bad student.
So he is 表赞同
So is Mary 表另一个也是要倒装 ? have / has been to 去过 ? borrow sth. from sb. lend sth. to sb. ? yet [jet] ad. 仍 用法 在现在完成时的句子中，already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句，但
yet还有其他用法。 1. 用于否定句中，意思是“还、尚、迄今、到那时”。 ? just [d??st] a. 刚才； 仅仅，只是； 正好； 刚要
? already [?:l’redi,’?:lredi] ad. 〔表示现在或过去某时发生的事实〕已经，早已。 ? ever ad. 〔表示否定、疑问和比较〕曾经，这以前。 ? so far 到目前为止(常用于现在完成时) ? you’d better (not) do sth. ? rather than 平行对比 ? 不规则动词表 be 是(am, is) are bear 忍受 beat 击打 become 变成 begin 开始
was, were bore beat became began been been borne, born beaten become begun babysit blow 吹 break 断开 bring 带来 build 建筑 buy 买 can 能 catch 抓住 choose 选择 come 来 cost 价值 cut 切 deal 处理 dig 挖洞 do 做 draw 画 dream 做梦 drink 喝 drive 驾车 eat 吃 fall 落下 feed 喂 feel 感觉 fight 打架 find 找寻 fly:飞 forget 忘记 freeze 冷冻 flee 逃跑 get 得到 give 给予 go 去 grow 成长 hang: 挂 吊死 have/has 有 hear 听 hit 打 hold 拿住 hurt 伤害 keep 保持 know 知道 lay 放置 lead 带领
babysat blew broke brought built bought could caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew dreamed, dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forgot froze fled got gave went grew hung hanged had heard hit held hurt kept knew laid led babysat blown broken brought built bought - caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn dreamed, dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten, forgot frozen fled got, gotten given gone grown hung hanged had heard hit held hurt kept known laid led lie 躺；位于 说谎 learn 学习 leave 离开 lend 借出 let 让 lose 丢失 make 做 may 可以 mean 意思是 meet 见面 mistake 弄错 misunderstand 误会 overcome 克服 oversleep 睡过头 overspend 过度使用 pay 付出 put 放 read 读 rebuild 重建 retell 重述 ride 骑 ring 响 rise 升起 run 跑 say 说 see 看见 sell 卖 send 送 set 设置 shake 摇晃 shall 将 shine 照耀 shoot 射击 show 展示 shut 关闭 sing 唱歌 sink 下沉 sit 坐 sleep 睡觉 smell 闻 speak 讲话 spell 拼写 spend 花钱
lay lied learnt, learned left lent let lost made might meant met mistook misunderstood overcame overslept overspent paid put read rebuilt retold rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent set shook should shone, shined shot showed shut sang sank sat slept smelt, smelled spoke spelt, spelled spent lain lied learnt, learned left lent let lost made - meant met mistaken misunderstood overcome overslept overspent paid put read rebuilt retold ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent set shaken - shone, shined shot shown, showed shut sung sunk sat slept smelt, smelled spoken spelt, spelled spent