挖掘机工作装置控制原理

2019-04-21 18:08

成都电子机械高等专科学校

毕业论文

（2008届）

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题目：挖掘机工作装置控制原理系别：机电工程系专业：机电一体化姓名：指导教师：二OO八年五月

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摘要：本次设计主要介绍液压挖掘机工作装置的控制原理，首先介绍液压挖掘机的

发展历史及工作装置性能参数的设计要求，并根据性能参数来选择主要的工作元件。接着分别介绍液压系统中各个工作装置的工作原理，了解挖掘机的大臂，小臂，挖斗的工作情况和各自的液压控制回路，以及运动过程中油液的流动方向。并根据具体情况为液压缸设计缓冲装置和增压装置。最后，对整个工作装置的液压控制图的工作原理和控制回路进行分析，完整的叙述工作装置的动作。

关键词：液压系统；工作原理；二次压力；先导控制；合流再生。

Abstract：The main hydraulic excavator working on the installation

of hydraulic control principle, the first hydraulic excavator on the history of the development work of installation and performance parameters of the design requirements and performance parameters to choose in accordance with the work of the main components. Then the hydraulic system were introduced in the various installations of the principle of understanding of the boom, the arm, digging bucket and the work of their hydraulic control circuit, as well as movement in the course of the oil flow direction. Then the work device driver design, including hydraulic cylinder main parameters of the design and hydraulic cylinders when the main parameters of the design, and in accordance with specific conditions for the hydraulic cylinder design buffer devices and pressure equipment. Finally, the entire hydraulic control devices work plans and the principle of control loop analysis, a complete description of the action devices.

Keywords: Hydraulic system; principle; secondary pressure; precursor

control; confluence of regeneration.

前言 ..................................................................................................................... - 1 - 第一章系统总体设计方案 ..................................................................................... - 4 -

1.1 设计思路 ................................................................................................... - 4 - 1.2 工作装置图 ............................................................................................... - 4 - 第二章液压控制原理 ............................................................................................. - 5 -

2.1 卸载阀控制 ............................................................................................... - 5 - 2.2 大臂上升合流控制 ................................................................................... - 6 - 2.3 小臂回收再生&合流控制 ....................................................................... - 7 - 2.4 小臂外伸合流控制 ................................................................................... - 9 - 2.5 挖斗回收（外扬）合流控制 ................................................................. - 10 - 2.6 挖斗回收防止真空的控制 ..................................................................... - 12 - 2.7 压力释放模式 ......................................................................................... - 13 - 第三章液压元器件的选择 ................................................................................... - 15 -

3.1 液压泵 ..................................................................................................... - 15 -

3.1.1 可变容量式柱塞泵 ....................................................................... - 15 - 3.1.2 泵工作原理 ................................................................................... - 16 - 3.2 原动机： ................................................................................................. - 18 - 3.3 先导阀 ..................................................................................................... - 18 - 3.4 控制阀 ..................................................................................................... - 20 -

3.4.1 规格 ............................................................................................... - 20 - 3.5 油缸 ......................................................................................................... - 23 -

3.5.1 外观 ............................................................................................... - 23 - 3.5.2 规格 ............................................................................................... - 23 -

第四章液压回路 ................................................................................................... - 24 -

4.1 中立回路 ................................................................................................. - 24 - 4.2 挖斗回路 ................................................................................................. - 25 -

4.2.1 挖斗回收先导回路 ....................................................................... - 26 -

4.2.2 自动油门动作 ................................................................................. - 26 - 4.2.3 液压泵起始流量固定控制 ........................................................... - 27 - 4.2.4 挖斗回收行走直进合流主回路 ................................................... - 27 - 4.2.5 挖斗阀芯行程限制 ....................................................................... - 27 - 4.3 大臂回路 ................................................................................................. - 27 -

4.3.1 大臂上升先导回路 ....................................................................... - 28 - 4.3.2 大臂上升2泵C/V内合流主回路 .............................................. - 28 - 4.4 小臂回路 ................................................................................................. - 28 -

4.4.1 小臂回收、轻负载操作先导回路 ............................................... - 28 - 4.4.2 小臂回收、轻负载时可变普通再生、内部合流主回路 ........... - 29 - 4.4.3 小臂回收、重负载操作先导回路 ............................................... - 31 - 4.4.4 小臂回收、重负载时再生截流主回路 ....................................... - 31 - 4.4.5 小臂外伸先导回路 ....................................................................... - 32 - 4.4.6 小臂外伸2泵合流主回路 ........................................................... - 32 - 4.4.7 通过小臂保持阀防止自然下落 ................................................... - 33 - 4.5 释压回路 ................................................................................................. - 33 -

4.5.1 释压先导回路 ............................................................................... - 33 - 4.5.2 卸载阀控制 ................................................................................... - 34 -

总结 ................................................................................................................. - 35 - 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. - 36 - 致谢 ................................................................................................................... - 37 -

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