词汇辨析500例(3)

2019-05-26 23:57

___.You

must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in

? break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through

> break up表示\打碎\、\变坏\、\分解\、\终止\、\破裂\。

> break down表示\瓦解\、\分解\、\失败\、\出故障\、\破坏\、\拆毁\。 > break out表示\爆发\、\突然发生\。

> break into表示\强行进入\、\闯入\、\破门而入\、\打断(谈话、讨论)\、\突然...... 起来\。

> break in表示\闯入\、\打断\、\插嘴\,其中in是副词。

> break away表示\脱逃\、\脱离\、\突然离开\、\革除\、\戒除\,常与from连用。 > break through表示\战胜\、\突围\、\穿过......而出现\、\突破\。 [练]

①He said his computer _____.

②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(废铁).

③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown's house and took away many things. ④A fire ____ after we had gone home.

⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking. ⑥You must ____ from bad habits.

⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds.

⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night.

⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago. ⑩The ice began to ____ on the river.

(Key:①had broken down ②broken up ③broke into ④broke out ⑤breaks in ⑥break away ⑦broke through ⑧broke in ⑨broke down ⑩break up)

? bring on;bring in;bring out > bring on 使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如:

Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks up the dishes after meals. 汤姆常常端上饭菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。

The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again. 天气突然变冷,使他再次感冒。

> bring in 引来;引进;吸收。如:

His new business brings in 1,000 dollars. 他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。 We also brought in some words from English. 我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。 > bring out 取出;说出;阐明;出版。如:

He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出枪来指着我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly.请把意思讲清楚些。

They have brought out a set of children's books.他们出版了一套儿童读物。 ? bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in > bring down表示\使倒下\、\减少\、

\降低(价格、温度)\;> bring back表示\使回想起\、\归还\、\带回来\;> bring up表

示\呕吐出\、\养育\;> bring in表示\把......引进来\、\赚入\、\获利\、\把......拿 进来\、\吸收\。 [EXERCISES]

1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from

their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had

eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be __

__ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____ $500 a week. 8) You must manage to ___

__ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought

up 5) bring down 6) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down ? broad; wide

> 两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有\宽的\之意, 但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽),还可表示\宽宏大量\;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及\广 泛\之意。如:

Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his

mouth wide open.

看着那个新型相机,那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。 He's a broad-minded person; he'll never be disappointed by such a small failure. 他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。

? but/however> 这两个连词都有\但是,可是,然而\之意。but连接两个分句或有 关部分,表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。如:

We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我们热爱和平,但我们并不害怕战争。 > however转折意味比but弱,连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起 附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间,前后用逗号隔开,也可置 于句首或句末。如:

Later,however,he decided to go.可是后来他决定去了。 ? by oneself;oneself

> by oneself=alone,without help。强调\在无他人或他物的情况下\或\无帮助的情况下\;

> oneself作同位语,表示强调本人。 试比较:

If you come to my house,I'll cook for you myself.

如果你来我家,我将亲自下厨。(强调亲手为你做饭) Can you cook by yourself now? 你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作) ? by sea;by the sea

> by sea意为\走海路;坐轮船\,其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式,by与名词间 不可用冠词;by the sea意为\在海边\,其中by表示\在......旁边\,by与后面的名 词间常有冠词修饰。如:

They will go to America by sea. 他们将坐轮船去美国。

There is a small village by the sea.海边有个小村庄。

请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语: by ship 乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边 by land 从陆路 by the land 在岸边(在陆地旁边) by taxi 乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边

by the road 在路边

by road 从陆路 C

? catch sb.doing sth; be (get) caught in sth.

> catch sb.doing sth.作\碰(遇)上某人正在做某事\解。例如:

The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。 The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。 > be (get) caught in sth.\遇上......而受阻\之意。例如:

I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。

I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。 ? care about; care for; care; care to > care about\关心;计较;在乎\,指由于某

事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如: He doesn't care about his clothes.他

不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里,我无所谓。 > care for\关心;照

料;喜欢;愿意\。作\关心;照料\讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如: Who will care for your

children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党

是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new

clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 > care还可作及物动

词,但其后通常接从句。如: I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you

say.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。 > care to\愿意,欲望\,后接动词原形。如: I don't care

to go there.我不愿意去那里。

? carry off; carry away; carry out > 表示\运走\;\掠走\,用carry off或carry away

均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示\夺得\某种奖赏;carry away可表示\吸引住\。

如: After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后,

敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by

her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 > carry out的意思是\搬出(某物)\;\履行(计划

或义务等)\。如: Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌

子搬到花

园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。 ? carry out; carry on

> 注意两者的区别:carry out意为\执行、实行\;carry on表示\(继续)进行、进行下 去\,强调坚持。如:

The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day. 几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。

Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of

fascism at that time.

那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。 ? cause; reason; excuse

> cause意为\起因\、\原因\,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常 和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:

I don't know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。 The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。

> reason意为\理由\、\原因\,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可 能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如:

There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。

Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。

> excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的\理由\、\原因\?也就是我们常说的\借口\。如: Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。

I haven't done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好,我的理由 是我病了。

? cheer/greet/welcome> cheer意为\欢呼\,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛 的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如: The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队

喝彩。> greet表示用语言、行动等\迎接\,常含\友好、热情、亲切\之意。如: We greeted our guests at the gate. 我们在大门口迎接客人。> welcome常表示\欢迎新人、新事、

新主张\等。如: We welcome the new ideas. 我们欢迎新思想。

? clear away, clear up, clear off > clear away表示\清除掉\、\收拾掉\、\散掉\、\消

散\;clear up表示\露出(喜色)\、\(天气)放晴\、\清理\、\整理\;clear off表示\走开\、 \离开\。

[EXERCISES] 1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call

the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3)

clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared up

? close;closely > close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示\靠近\、\紧紧

地\,closely则表示\紧密地\、\严密地\、\密切地\。如:

1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight. 2) Come close, I want to tell you something important. 3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.

4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts. ? come up; come on; come out

> come up常表示位置\上升\;从水中或 土中\冒出\;芽苗等\长出\;\引起注意、被提 出\等。如:

The seeds haven't come up. 种子还没发芽。

Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。 > come on 常用来催促别人,意为\加油、加快\,也可表示\来临、袭击\。如: I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。

> come out常表秘密等\传出、被获悉\,书籍等的\出版\;\结果是\。如: When will her new book come out﹖ 她的新书什么时候出版? The answer to the math problem came out wrong. 这道数学题的结果错了。 ? complete; finish

> finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指\完成\一项 任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:

Have you finished your work﹖ 你的工作完成了吗?

He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。

> complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、 工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如: He's never completed a project on time. 他从未按时完成过计划。 The bridge is not completed yet. 这座桥至今尚未完工。 > 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示\一切都完了;没希望了\等意时,均用finish。例如:

He finished school in 1991. 他1991年从学校毕业。 The wood-work is beautifully finished. 这件木器做得很精细。

注意:complete a book的意思是\写完一本书\;finish a book意为\看完一本书\。 ? common ordinary general 都含\普通的\意思。 > common强调\常见的\、\不足为奇的\,

如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。 > ordinary强调\平常的\、\平淡无奇的\,

如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。

> general意为\普遍的\、\一般的\,

如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的, 不是为专家写的。

> normal指\正常的\、\正规的\、\常态的\

如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温 ? compare...with; compar...to; compared with/to


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