既是形容词又是副词,可以修饰物,也可以修饰人。同时likely语气最强,probable次之, possible最弱。如:
The USA is likely to carry out another attack on Iraq with the excuse of fighting terrorism.
美国很可能以打击恐怖主义为借口,再次对伊拉克进行攻击。
It's possible but not probable / likely that he will stick to his incorrect proposal.
他也许会坚持他的错误主张,但可能性不大。 ? living alive live 意思都含\活的\。 > living 用于生物时, 指\活着的\如:
Shelly was still living when Keats died.
济慈死时, 雪莱还在世。
> alive 指\活着的\、\在世的\着重于状态, 它用作表语, 或放有名词或代词后作定 语, 如:
The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day. 特务被活捉, 不过第二天便因重伤而死。 > live 只用于物, 指\活的\如:
a live rat一只活鼠。
? live on; live by > live on意为\以......为主食\;\靠......过活\后接表示\食物\、\人\、
\收入\等的词。如:
The soldiers lived on wild plants. 那些士兵靠吃野菜为生。
The whole family lived on the earnings of the two sisters.全家靠两姐妹挣钱过日子。
> live by意为\靠......(手段)谋生\,后常接表示\获得经济手段\的名词或-ing形式。如:
Writers live by their pens while fishermen live by fishing. 作家靠笔谋生而渔夫以捕鱼为生。
? luggage; baggage
> 两者都表示\行李\,均是不可数名词。luggage属英式英语,是随身携带行李的总称; baggage属美式英语,是各种行李的总称。询问行李的多少,用how much引导疑问句; 指行李的件数,需与a piece of或an article of连用。例如: two pieces of luggage/baggage 两件行李
three articles of luggage/baggage 三件行李
How much baggage/luggage does she have?她有多少行李?
M
? manage;try > manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意,指\(经过努力和
克服困难之后)将某事做成\,即经过努力达到了目的,重点在于结果,后接动词不定式, 不接v-ing。例如: He managed to finish the work in time. 他总算按时完成了任务。 Do you think you can manage to get us some tickets? 你看能想办法给我们搞几张票吗? > try to do sth.指\设法或试图\做某事,强调要做某事或尽力做某事(但不一定成功)。例如: She will try to learn English. 她要设法学会英语。 Try not to be late again. 注意别再迟到
了。 > try
doing sth.的意思是\(用某种方法)试一试或试试看\,指\试\的方法或方式,看看情况会 怎样或结果是否满意。例如: Try knocking at the back door if nobody answers you at the front
door. 如果前门没人应,试着敲敲后门。 He tried sending her flowers,but it didn't have any
effect. 他试着给她送花,但无济于事。
? meet;meet with > meet可作\遇见\、\迎接\解。> meet with表示\遇见\、\碰
到\时,常含有\偶尔\的意思(=come across,come upon)。此外,meet with还可表示\遭遇\
或\经历\的意思。在美国英语中,meet with还可以表示\会见\。 1) I often meet her on the street.
2) She said she had to go to the station to meet her uncle.
3) I have met with this word many times in my reading.
4) You should not lose heart when you meet with difficulty in learning a foreign language.
5) The department head met with her in his office.
? meeting; conference; gathering; party > meeting可以用于两人或多人, 表示偶然的或拟定的,短暂的或持续的聚会。它的用途很广,可用于日常普通场合,也可用 于特殊的或官方的正式场合。如:
The students had a class meeting last Friday.
The summit meeting of the state heads came to an end two days later.
> conference指专门性的正式会议,常用于就某个重大问题进行专门研究或交换意见的讨 论会、协商会等。如:
Many reporters came to attend the press conference.
The annual conference of geologists will be held in Chicago this year. > gathering一般指非正式的集会,常用于群众性的活动(像联欢会等)。如: A public gathering was held in Zhongshan Park on May Day. > party指社交性或娱乐性的集会。如:
Mary and I were invited to Jane's birthday party the other day. Mr.Brown gave a dinner party last Thursday.
? merely; only; just
> 这三个词作副词表示 \仅、只\可以换用,并且都放在它们所修饰的成分之前,merely 的用法较正式。 如:
Instead of answering,she merely/only/just smiled. 她没有作答,只是微笑而已。
She's come here just/only/merely to see you. 看你。
她来这里只是为了
> 作形容词时, only表示\仅有的\;mere表示\仅仅的、单单的\;just意为\公正的\。如: a just man 光明正大的人
They were the only people who had the keys. 只有他们有钥匙。 Mere words won't help. 光说(不做)无济于事。 N
? none/nobody (no, one)/nothing > none既可指人又可指物,意为\没有任何人或物; 一个人也没有\,后可跟of短语连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。例如: -Have you bought any clothes?你买衣服了? -None.一件也没买。
None of us has/have been to Macao.我们没有一个人去过澳门。
> no one=nobody,只能指人,意为\没有人\;nothing只能指物,表示\没有什么(东西)\。
它们不可与of短语连用,作主语时谓语动词只能用单数。例如:
Nobody(No one)likes to lose money,does he?谁也不喜欢丢钱,对吗? There's nothing in the bag.口袋里什么也没有。 O
? occur;happen;take place
三者都表示\发生\,都是不及物动词。
> happen指\偶然发生\时,主语为\事\;当主语是\人\时,意为\碰巧\。
> occur 指\发生\时可与 happen 换用,但后接to sb./sth.时,两者含义不同:happen to sb./sth. 指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上;occur to sb./sth. 指\某种思 想等呈现于某人的知觉中\。
> take place 表示\发生\,可与 happen 或occur换用,但其后面一般不接 to sb./sth.结
构;指必然会发生的事情时,多用 take place;此外take place 还可表示\举行某种活 动\。如:
He happened to know the place. 他碰巧知道那个地方。
When did the earthquake occur/happen? 地震是什么时候发生的﹖
Didn't it occur to you to phone them about it? 你难道就没想过给他们打个电话﹖
Has anything happened to him﹖ 他出什么事了吗﹖
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.一九一九年,中国发生了五四运 动。
? official; officer > official常指政府官员,行政官员,高级职员。 如:the government officials政府官员。
> officer常指穿着特别制服的官员?军官,武官等。 如:officers of state部长(职位较高的); railway officer乘务员;
customs officer海关人员;
an officer of the law法官;
police officer警官。
? on earth;on the earth;in the earthon earth有三层含义和用法: > 作\到底\或\究竟\解,置于 what,when等疑问词之后,以加强问句的语气。例如: ①What on earth is it?这到底是什么东西?
②Why on earth did you tella lie?你究竟为什么要说谎?
> 作\当今\或\世界上\解,用于最高级之后,以加强语气。例如:
He said,\.\他说:\我是世界上最幸福的人。\> 用于否定词之后,作\一点儿也不\解,以加强否定的语气。例如: It's no use on earth.这一点儿也没有用。
He said,\.\他说:\无论什么也不能改变我的
主意。\
> on the earth作\在地球上\解。例如: We live on the earth.我们生活在地球上。 > in the earth为\在地下\之意。例如:
Many other animals dig holes in the earth.许多其他动物在地下挖洞。
? once;as soon as > 两者均为从属连词,引导时间状语从句,都表示主句的动作紧 跟在从句的动作之后发生。主要区别在于:once除含时间之意外,还表示\条件\,一般译作 \一旦......就......\。例如: Once he makes up his mind,he'll never give it up.他一旦下定决
心,就决不会放弃(本句不可用as soon as)。 > 而as soon as强调的只是时间,译作\刚......
就......\或\一......就......\。例如: As soon as I get to Beijing,I'll write to you.我一到北京
就写信给你。
? one another;each other > 两者均表示\互相;彼此\,为代词,仅作动词或介词的 宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,但each other多用于两者之间的关系,one another多
用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如: We both see each other at the office every day.我 们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn't agree with one another.这六个瞎子各执
己见。 They hate each other/one another.他们互相憎恨。
? one's own/oneself > 如属于句子主语的\身内之物\(包括穿戴之物)或思想范畴 内的东西,通常用one's own。
如:He cut his own hand.他割了自己的手。
I won't believe you until I've seen you in the jar with my own eyes. 我要亲眼看见你在
坛子里才会相信。
> one's own有时可指代前面提到过的同类事物。
如:I don't need to borrow your pen.I've got my own.我不需要借你的钢笔,我有我自 己的。
> oneself: 反身代词,强调句子主语发出的动作的承受者就是主语\自身\,即主语本身就是
动作的承受者。
如:The little child cannot look after himself.
这小孩不能自己照顾自己。
(该句中用himself,因为the little child 既是动作执行者,也是动作承受者。) The girl put on her new clothes and looked about herself in the mirror. 那姑娘穿上新衣服,对着镜子打量着自己。 > 3)oneself一般不作定语,而one's own则可以作定语。 如:This is myself's book.(×) This is my own book.(√) P
? particular; especial; special > particular着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的
事例,是相当\一般\而言的\特殊\、\特定\。如: On that particular day the stores are
closed. 在
特定的那一天店铺都关了门。(平时没有这种现象) > special和especial都有\特殊的,特
别的\之意。如: What are your special interests? 你有些什么特别的爱好? Collecting stamps
is a matter of especial interest. 集邮是特别有趣的事。 > 不同的是,special还有\专门的,
额外的\的意思。如: You need a special tool to do that.干那个活儿要用专用工具。 Take special
care of it.对这东西要特别细心。
? persuade sb.to do sth.; advise sb.to do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth. > persuade sb.to do sth.意为\说服某人干某事\,其结果是成功的(即成功地说服
某人干某事)。如:
Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。 > advise sb.to do sth.意为\劝说某人干某事\,其结果可能是劳而无功(即\说\而未\服\)。 如:
She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn't listen. 她劝她的父母戒烟, 但他们不愿听。
> try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为\尽力说服某人干某事\,相当于advise sb.to do sth。 如:
I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习,但没有成功。
? penny; pence; pennies> penny\便士\,为硬币,是英国及爱尔兰等国的货币单位, 100便士等于一英磅。pence及pennies都是penny的复数,但用法有别:pence指钱的总额, pennies指一个一个的硬币。例如:
This pen costs thirty pence. 这支钢笔卖三十便士。
Give me ten pennies for this ten-penny piece. 请把这枚十便士的硬币换成十枚一便士的硬币。
> \数词+penny\表示\便士的\,为形容词,作定语;\数词+pence\表示\便士\,
为名词。试比较:
five penny五便士的(形容词)
five pence五便士(名词)
? pity; shame> 两者均可表示\遗憾的事\,常与a连用,指没实现某种愿望而感到遗憾、 懊悔或可惜,可以换用。例如:
What a pity/shame that she can not come! 她不能来真是遗憾! It is a shame/pity that you can't help us. 你不能帮助我们真是遗憾。
> shame还可表示\可耻之事;令人难堪的事\,指说话人对某种行为感到厌烦、憎恶或讨 厌,而pity没有这一意思。例如:
It's a shame to be so wasteful.这么浪费,太可耻了。