词汇辨析500例(4)

2019-05-26 23:57

> compare...with意为\把......与......相比\,侧重指两者间的区别。

如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them. 把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。

> compare...to...意为\把......比作......\,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:

This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。

> compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以 compare with...形式出现,表示\与......相比\。如:

Living here can't compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。

If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them. 如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。

> compared with...和compared to...都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如: Compared to/with him, you are lucky. 与他相比,你是幸运的。 It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还

是个小镇。 ? cover; interview > 两者都可用作动词,意为\采访\,cover的宾语是事情;interview 的宾语是人。如: Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些

事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。

? country; nation; state; land

> country意为\国家;国土\,侧重指版图;疆域。如:

China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。 注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作\祖国\解,带有感情色彩。如:

After many years abroad, he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后,他想

回到自己的祖国。

Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其

他地区温暖得多。

> nation意为\民族;国家\,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如:

The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。

注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。如: the United Nations (UN)

联合国

the law of nations 国际公法

a most favored nation 最惠国

Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。

> state意为\国家;政府\,侧重指政权;政体。如:

In our country, railways are state-owned. 在我国铁路为国家所有。 > land意为\国土;国家\,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如:

This is my native land.I'll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国,我要用自己的

生命保卫她!

? cross; across; crossing

> cross作动词用时,意思是\横过\。如:

They are crossing the river. 他们正在过河。

The idea has just crossed my mind. 这个主意是我刚才想到的。 cross作名词用时,指\十字形的东西\。

> across可作介词或副词,意为\横穿,横过\。如:

They pushed the cart across the bridge. 他们推着车过桥。 The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。 > crossing意为\横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道\。如: They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。

? cut off; cut up; cut through > cut off表示\隔绝\、\断绝\、\(电路)切断\、\剪

下\、\砍掉\;> cut up表示\切割开来\、\切碎\、\使难过\;> cut through表示\凿穿\、\穿

过\、\穿透\。

[EXERCISES] 1) The building ____ our view. 2) We are going to ____ the mountain to build a free

way here. 3) She _____ the cake and gave each of us a piece. 4) He ____ some

flowers from the bush. Key: 1) cut off 2) cut through 3) cut up 4) cut off D

? daily; everyday; every day > daily用作名词意为\日报\如:China Daily《中国

日报》用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。> everyday意为\每日的、日

常的\,在句中作定语。everyday English=daily English日常英语;everyday life=daily life

日常生活。 > every day(分开写)意为\每天\,在句中作状语。如: He comes here every day.=He comes here daily.他每天来这儿。 ? damage; destroy; ruin

这三个词都有\破坏;损坏\的意思,区别如下:

> damage意为\损坏、破坏\。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价 值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再 用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如:

The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt. 汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。

Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻 度损伤。

What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries. 他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。

Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。

> damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如:

The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。

> destroy意为\破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭\,通常指程度非常严重的\毁坏\,一般情况下 不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。如: The big fire destroyed the whole house. 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。

The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream

by the power of people. 量所 摧毁。

> ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。 如:

My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。

The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。

I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man?我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。 ? damp wet dank moist humid 都含\潮湿的\意思。 > damp指\轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的\如:

I don't like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。 > wet 指\含水分或其他液体的\、\湿的\如: be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。

> dank 指\阴湿的\如:

a dark dank and chilly cave 一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。

> moist指\微湿的\、\湿润的\常含\不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的\意思, 如: Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。 > humid为正式用语, 常表示\空气中湿度大的\如: In the east, the air is humid in summer.

在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。

纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力

? day by day; day after day

> day by day意为\一天一天地\,\逐日\,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。 如:

It's getting colder day by day.天气一天天冷了起来。

The boy is getting better day by day.那孩子一天天好了起来。

> day after day意为\日复一日\、\一天又一天\,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复) 的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。如:

Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.日子一天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。

I have to do the work day after day.我得天天做这项工作。

? deal with; do with; get rid of

> get rid of表示\处理\,侧重\消灭;摆脱或清除\;deal with和do with侧重\处理\的手

段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what连用, deal with常与how连用。 [练]

①If they are not coming, we can ___ the tickets.

②How did they ____ matters of this sort﹖

③What did you ____ the broken car﹖

④Mr Zhang wrote a book ____ life in England. ⑤We should ____ the weeds in the fields.

(Key: ①get rid of ②deal with ③do with ④dealing with ⑤get rid of) ? demonstrate,illustrate > demonstrate 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过推

理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、图片等进行说明,illustrate后

常用介词by,with。

A.The lecturer ____ his point with a diagram ont heblackboard. B.To ____ his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts.

C.These figures clearly ___ the size of the economic problem facing the country.

Answers:A.illustrated B.demonstrate C.demonstrate ? discover;invent;find;find out

> invent意为\发明\,指通过劳动运用聪明才智\发明/创造\出以前从未存在过的新事 物。

Who invented the telephone? 是谁发明电话的?

He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种新的教学方法。

> find意为\找到、发现\,指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西,着重指找到 的结果。

We've found oil under the South Sea.我们已在南海发现了石油。 They finally found a way. 他们终于找到了办法。

> discover意为\发现\, 表示\偶然\或\经过努力\发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误, 即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物,也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性 质或用途。

Columbus discovered America in1492. 哥伦布1492年发现了美洲。 We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快就弄清了真相。 > find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。 [EXERCISES]

1.Edison ____ the electric lamp.

2.I lost my necklace last night.I haven't ____ it. 3.Who ____ America first?

4.Can you ____ what time the train leaves?

ANSWER: 1.invented 2.found 3.discovered 4.find out

? disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal > 都含\丢人\、\耻辱\的意思。 > disgrace 指\失去别人的尊敬\、\因自己或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感\如: He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly behavior. 他因为行为不检而为人所不齿。

> dishonor指\因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉\如: His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family. 的家庭是耻 辱。

他的投敌行为对他

> shame指\由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻\如

I think it a shame to be so wasteful. 我认为那样浪费太可耻了。infamy指\声名狼藉\、\臭 名昭著\如:

His name will live in infamy. 他的名字将遗臭万年。 > scandal指\引起公愤的行为\、\丑事\如

Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。 E

? ever before;ever since;ever after

> ever since意为\从......之后一直\,其中的since既可作副词,也可作连词,该短语与完

成时连用。有时ever可以省略。

> ever before意为\比以往任何时候\,其中的before为副词,常与比较级连用并放在than 之后。ever用来加强before的语气,before有时可以省略。

> ever after意为\从那以后\,其中的after可作连词,也可作副词,该短语常与过去时连

用。

[EXERCISES]

1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there ____. 2.The flowers grow more beautiful than ____. 3.The couple lived a hard life ____.

ANSWER: 1.ever since 2.ever before 3.ever after ? except/but > 二者意思均为:除......之外。except强调所除外的人(或事物);而but

则将重点置于其他人(或事物)。 如:We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆一人

不及格)

Nobody knew her name but me.除我以外,没有人知道他的名字。(强调除\我\知道外, 其他人都不知道)

> except前常有all,any,every,no及其复合词等;but也常与no,nobody,nothing,all,

anywhere等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing形式和原形动词,可以互换;但 except后还可跟副词、介词短语等,此时,不能用but来代替。

如:He answered all the questions except/but the last one.除最后一个问题没答外,其余 问题他都答了。

He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(except

后跟副词) The window is never opened except in summer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从来不开。(except 后跟介词短语)

> except,but用于否定句时,可以互换。

如:There aren't any other people to be considered except/but you.除你之外,


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