It's a shame to treat animals like that.那样对待动物真是太过分了。
? point to/ point out> point to表示\指向\、\指着\,其中to表示方向;point out表
示\指出\。EXERCISES:①Mr Li one of these things. ②Can you my mistakes? (Keys:①points to ②point out) ? possibly; probably; perhaps; maybe 这几个副词都有\可能\的意思,用法如下:> possible\或许;也许\,所指的可能性 较小,为加强语气,可与can或could连用;与may连用,表示的可能性更小。例如: It may possibly be true.也许是真的。
Please call me as soon as you possibly can.请尽快给我打电话。 Could you possibly tell me the answer﹖你能告诉我这个答案吗?
> probably\很有可能;十之八九\,其语义较强,可能性较大。在否定句中,probably不能
紧跟在否定词之后。例如:
It will probably be fine tomorrow.明天大概会是晴天。 译:她大概不会来这里。
正:Probably she won't come here. 正:She probably won't come here. 正:She won't come here probably. 误:She won't probably come here.
> perhaps\或许\,含有\可能这样,也可能不这样\之意,其含义和用法与maybe一样,多 用于口语。maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中,语义最强的是probably,其次是perhaps 和maybe,最弱的是possibly。例如:
Perhaps we will be late for work.或许我们上班会迟到。 Perhaps we'd better take a bus.也许我们最好乘公共汽车。 ? power force strength 都含\力\、\力量\的意思。
> power 指 \身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管是表现出来的还是潜在的\如: It's beyond his power. 这是他力所不及的。
> force 指\运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力, 使人或物按要求方向运动\如: He did it with a great force. 他用了很大的力才把它做完了。
> strength 指\内部固有的力量\表示物质力量时, 着重\体格或构造健全、完善等方面 的力量, 如体力强度等\表示精神力量时, 指\持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等\如: the strength to lift something 举起某物的力。 ? prefer...to...;prefer to... rather than... > 两个动词短语均可作\喜欢......而不喜
欢......\或\宁愿......而不愿......\解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball
(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。 > 主要区别
在于:prefer...to...之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他
宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。 > 而prefer to...rather than...之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。
例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前
宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。
? prepare;prepare for;prepare...for;be prepared for;be(get)ready
> prepare sth.意为\准备某事\?强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承 受者;另有\配置、调制\之意。
> prepare for意为\为......作准备\,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。 > prepare sth.for意为\为......做好准备\。
> be prepared for强调准备好的状态。
> be(get)ready意为\准备好\,着重指准备的结果。be(get)ready to do还有\乐于干......\的意思。 [EXERCISES]
1.We ____ the mid-term examination.
2.Wheat can be ____ in many different ways.
3.The students ____ their lessons ____ the exam. 4.Can you ____ your future job?
5.He ____ always ____ to help others.
6.Miss Li said,\____ before class.\ 7.Mother ____ lunch in the kitchen.
ANSWER: 1.are preparing for 2.prepared 3.are preparing...for 4.be prepared for
5.is...ready 6.be ready 7.is preparing
? prize;medal > prize是表示\奖品\或\奖(彩)金\之意。例如: Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1921年,爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔物理奖。 She took the first prize for her singing. 她获得了唱歌一等奖。 > 而medal是指\奖牌(章)\或\勋章\。例如: Carl Lew is won four gold medals. 卡尔*刘易斯夺得四块金牌。 A medal was given to the brave fighter. 勋章授给了那位英勇的战士。
? put; place; lay 三个词都能作\放\解,细微的差别在于: > put常指把某物弄到某个
地方,并把它留在那里。如:
Please put the umbrella behind the door.请把伞放在门后。
> place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。如:
She placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房间的中央。 > lay常指把某物平放在某处。如:
She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃饭。
*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。如: ? lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒谎。如:
He has lied since his childhood.他从小就一直撒谎。 ? lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如:
He lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看书。 ? lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。如:
He laid the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。
Q
? quiet; silent; still > quiet意为\安静的、寂静的\。用于自然环境,指没有活动、喧
闹的寂静状态;指人时,表示生性安静、不易激动。如:
Be quiet.Your father is sleeping now.安静点,你爸爸正在睡觉呢。 Jane was a quiet girl.简是个天性好静的女孩。
> silent意为\寂静的、沉默的\,表示不说话、不弄出声响,但不一定指没有活动。如: He always keeps silent when the teacher questions him. 老师向他提问时,他总是保持沉 默。
The class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules. 当老师解释考规时教室里寂 静无声。
> still意为\安静的、不动的\,不指心理状态,而指环境和人表面上无动作的平静状态。 如:
Stand still while I take your photo.站着别动,我给你拍照。 R
? raise; keep; support; feed 这四个词都有\抚养\、\养家\、\赡养\的意思,但也有
区别。
> raise意为\抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)\之意。如: He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago. 他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。 > keep表示\养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)\。如:
John has his wife and six children to keep(support).约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs.他们养了一些鸡和猪。 > support意为\养活\,不用于饲养动物。如:
She supports her old mother.她赡养老母亲。
He has a large family to support.他要养活一大家子。 > feed意为\喂?养?;饲养;以......为食\。如:
Have you fed the baby/cow yet?婴儿/牛喂了吗?
She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。 Foxes feed on small animals.狐狸以小动物为食。
? rather than/would rather(...than)> rather than是连词,前后两端所连的词性
是一致的,通常译为\而不是\或\与其说是......不如说是\,有时可用短语介词instead of替代。
例如: He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那时正在
写信而不在看报纸。 John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.应该去的是约翰,而
不是简。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,
但穿起来
倒很舒服。 Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.与其说埃文斯是个老师,不如说是个医
生。> would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解为had。它表示\宁愿、
宁可\的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来,则应该用would(or:had)rather...than, 表示\宁愿......也不......\的意思。例如: said I'd rather 们一
起去野餐。 I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死 不屈。
? refer to; refer...to > refer to意为①\谈及\,\提到\;②\查阅\,\参考\。如: You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我刚才所指的人。 Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 当你第一次在这儿驾驶时,
请参看市政地图。
> refer...to意为①\把......提交给\,\把......归功于\②\让......处理/查找\,可用于被动语
态。如:
The dispute was referred to the United Nations.争端被提交联合国解决。 He referred me to the notes.他建议我参看一下注释。
We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把我们所取得的巨大发展归功于党的正确领导。 ? reply;answer
> 二者均可表示\回答\,可作名词和动词。answer 为一般用语,主要用于对问题、指责 等的回答;reply的用法较正式,多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作 名词时都指\的答案或答复\,均与 to 连用。例如:
Answer this question. 回答这个问题。
I asked her the reason, but she didn't reply. 我问她为什么,她却不回答。
My aunt invited me to the film, but I
go on a picnic with the girls. 我的姑妈邀请我去看电影,可是我说我倒愿意跟女孩子
I received no reply / answer to my request. 我的要求没有收到任何答复。
> answer 后面可直接跟宾语,而reply 跟宾语时须与 to 连用;answer 可表示对电话、 敲门等作出的\应答\,reply 则不能。例如:
You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你应当马上回复这封信。 Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?
> 如果是指练习题的\答案\,一般用 answer。例如:
The answer to 6×10 is 60. 6乘以10 的答案是60。
? reporter; journalist > reporter=news reporter\新闻记者\,特指外出采访的记者。 > journalist\记者\泛指新闻工作者,如报纸的编辑、采访记者、摄影记者都可以叫journalist。
? road/street/way/path> road意为\路\,\道路\,指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦 的大道,常指\公路\,\马路\等,两侧一般没有建筑物。例如: Jim and Li Lei meet on
the
road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。 The car is running along the road.汽车沿着这条路行驶。
> street指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的\街道\。\在街上\可以说on the street,也可以说in the
street,前者是美国英语,后者是英国英语。例如: Go along the street,and take the third
turning on the right.沿着大街走,在第三个路口往右拐。 There are many shops in the
street. 街上有许多商店。> way意为\道路\,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含义
较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如: How can I get there? I don't
know the way. 我怎么能到达那里?我不知道路。 打听
去车站的路。
I asked the way to the station.我
It was a long way from here. 它离这儿很远。> path通常指\小路、
小径\,
只供人行走的路,可以是人们践踏而成的路,如山中、林间的羊肠小道;也可以指公园、田 间的小路,还可以指供人或事物移动的\路线\等。例如: They walked along the path across
the field.他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。
? room;place;space
> room有两层含义,一为\房间\,是可数名词;二表示人或物体所占的\空间或场所\、 处事的\余地\等意思,是不可数名词,可用little,much,no,plenty等词修饰。可构成 make room for给......让出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空间给......等
短语。
> place指人们从事各种活动的\地方,场所,位置\,是可数名词,常用的短语有take one's place就坐,入席;in place在适当的位置。
space意为\空间\,是不可数名词,表示万物存在之处;作\空隙、空白\解时,是可数名词。
[EXERCISES]
1.There isn't ____ in the classroom for thirty desks. 2.Wuhan's a hot ____ in summer.
3.There is ____ in improvement in your work. ANSWER: 1.space/room 2.place 3.room
? run away/run after/ run through> run away意为\逃走;逃跑;溜掉\等。> run after意为\追赶;追逐;寻找;搜寻\等。> run through意为\穿过;流过\等。 [EXERCISES]
①The dog the hare(野兔)now. ②The river the village. ③When the policeman arrived,the thief . (Keys:①is running after ②runs through ③had run away)
? run out; run out of > run out of表示\某人用完某物\,相当于及物动词,后面可接宾