其他人将
不予考虑。 F
? fall off;fall down;fall onto;fall into
> fall off用作及物动词,表示\从......上落下,掉下,摔下\。如:
The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall,but that was all. 房子动了动,几幅画从墙上掉了下来,就这些。
He had fallen off a ladder and hurt his leg. 他从梯子上摔下来,伤了腿。
有时,它也可用作不及物动词,表示\落下,掉下,脱落\;也可表示\减少,越来越少\。如: I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off. 我看着桌子上的杯子全掉下来。
His supporters were falling off. 支持他的人越来越少了。
> fall down通常用作不及物动词,表示\(人)跌倒,摔倒,绊倒\或\(房屋等) 倒 塌\。如:
The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.那老太太在街上跌倒了,摔坏了腿。
> fall onto意为\掉到......上\,其中onto为介词,也可用to。如:
The books fell off the desk onto/to the ground. 书从桌上掉到了地上。 > fall into意为\掉到......里陷入(困难)\等,into是介词。如: fall into the river ? fasten; tie
掉进河里
> fasten意为\栓住、捆牢、扎紧\,常用作及物动词(用于fasten ... to...结构时, 可以与tie互换,但语气上fasten比tie重);也可用作不及物动词,意为\(把目光、思 想、注意力)集中于......\。
> tie意为\系、栓、扎\,常用作及物动词,后接其同源宾语tie, knot等;用作不及物动 词时,意为\打领带、打领结\。 ? feed...on;feed...to
> feed...to 指\将......喂给......\,feed 后跟表示食物的词; > feed...on 指\用......喂......\,feed 后接表示人或动物的词。如: What did you feed to the baby just now? 你刚才给婴儿喂的什么﹖
I feed the dog on meat. 我用肉喂狗。
? festival,holiday,vacation > festival指盛大的节日,或定期在某地举行的主题节
日;如音乐节等。> holiday源自\,原意为\神圣的日子\,或指国家或民族规定的节 日。后词意扩展,指一切不工作的日子。> vacation任何节假日或休息日,持续时间较长, 主要用于美国。在英国,则着重指法院和大学的假期。
A.The Spring ___ is the most important day in China. B.Will you spend your ___abroad this year?
C.While I'm away on ___,Mr Smith will take over my job.
Answers:A. Festival B.holidays/vacation C.vacation
? finally;at last;in the end 本组词语均有\终于\之意,但有区别。 > finally的用
法有二:? 用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是在\最后\。例如:Finally,turn off the lights and
lock the door.最后关上灯锁好门。 ? 是用在句中动词前,表示等了好久\终于......\。例
如: We waited and waited,and finally they arrived.我们等了又等,(最后)他们终于来了。 > at last是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生,强调其结果,其语气和感情色彩较 强。At last the project has been completed and we can rest.这项工程终于竣工了,我们可以休
息了。 > in the end用法有二:*表示经过若干周折或努力而\最后\发生了某事。例如: We did experiment after experiment,and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa.我们作
了一个又一个实验,(最后)终于在非洲获得了水稻丰收。 *表示预测未来(而finally和at last
无此用法)。例如: He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the end.他希望他儿子最终
成为一名优秀教师。
? find/found/founded> find意为\发现、找到\,为动词原形。> found既是不规
则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个动词原形,意为\建立、成立、创办\。如: He has already found his watch. 他已经找到了手表。> founded为动词found的过去式和过
去分词。如: The school was founded ten years ago. 这所学校是十年前创办的。 ? fit; be fit for; be fit to
> fit可用作及物或不及物动词,意为\适合\,\合身\,主要指大小适合。如: This cap fits me well.这顶帽子很适合我。
The coat doesn't fit me well. 这件大衣不太合身。
> 另外,fit还有\安装\、\试穿\之意。如:
You can fit this skirt on your daughter.你可以给你的女儿试一下这条裙子。 I will fit my new house with a telephone.我要在新房间装电话。
> be fit for意为\适合;能胜任\。其中,fit是形容词,意为\适合的;能胜任的\,for后
面接名词或-ing形式。如:
The water in the well is fit for drinking.这口井里的水可以喝。 The man is not fit for his office.那人不称职。
Your shoes are not fit for traveling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。
> be fit to意为\适合;能胜任\。在这个短语中,fit也是形容词,to为动词不定式符号, 因此后面只能接动词原形。如: The food is not fit to eat.
这食物不可以吃。
The girl is easy to get angry,so she is not fit to be a nurse. 这女孩容易发脾气,因此她不适
合当护士。
? forbid ban prohibit都含\禁止\的意思。
> forbid系常用词, 指\命令某人不做某事\如: The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。
> ban 语气较重, 指权威机关\正式禁止\含\严厉谴责\之意,只能用事物作其宾语,
如:Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! > prohibit指\通过法律或政府法令禁止\如:
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 准离开 营房。
天黑后士兵不
? suit;fit;suitable
> fit用作及物动词,意为\与......相符、符合;合......身\;用作不及物动词,意为\适合、
合身\。多指衣物等尺寸大小合身、合脚。
> suit意为\适合\。多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合,穿起来协调、好看;合乎需 要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。如:
This coat doesn't suit you.这件外套不适合你。(比较:This coat doesn't fit you.这件外
套不合你的身。)
> fit直接可用作形容词,常构成be fit for意为\适于;称职\;suit的形容词为suitable, be suitable for相当于be fit for。另外:suit常用作名词,意为\一套/副(衣服等)\:a
man's suit包括外套 jacket,背心waist coat和裤子trousers,a woman's suit包括上衣coat
和裙子skirt; fit还可作\安装\解。
? for example;such as;like > such as用来举例说明,通常放在被列举的事物的前
面以及需要说明的事物的后面。> for example常用来补充说明,表示在众多的例子中仅仅 取一、二加以说明、解释。> like是介词,意为\像\。 [EXERCISES]
1.Many books on English study,____ School English are popular among school students.
2.Some students,Wang Lin,____ like country music very much. 3.I'm going to be a pop star ____ Michael Jackson. ANSWER:1.such as 2.for example 3.like
? for the first time;the first time > for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以
来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。例如: The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term. 两位女生开学初首次交谈。 > the first time 首
次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况; 也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。例如: I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her. 第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。 This is the first
time I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次去长城。 G
? gather round; gather in; gather up; gather from > gather round表示\聚集在......周围\、\聚集在一起\。 > gather in表示\收获?庄稼?\。
> gather up表示\收拾起来\、\抱起来\。
> gather from表示\从......推测\、\从......推想\,后面与that-clause连用。 [练]
①I ____ her letter that she is very happy now. ②The students in our class ____ Mr Wang.
③You'd better ____ your books and put them away. ④The farmers ____ the wheat now.
⑤All the workers ____ him and asked him what was wrong with him at all.? (Key: ①gather from ②gathered round ③gather up ④are gathering in ⑤gathered round)
? get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)这几个词均可表示 \逃\,但含义有别:> escape指安全地\逃走或跑掉\,强调结果;> get away from及run away
from表示\逃\的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;> flee强调\逃\这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他从火
灾中逃出来了。 He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃出。 > 另外,表示
\从某处抽身\,一般用get away from。如: I'm afraid she can't get away from the meeting. 我
恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。 ? give up; give in; give out > give up指行为或努力受
挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或v-ing作宾语;也可作不及物动词; > give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词; > give out意为\用完;耗尽;体力不支\,是不及物动词。例如:
①The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he had to give up attempting/his attempt to
swim the channel.风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。
②All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way. 除有两个中途放弃外,?其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。
③As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement fell through. 由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。
④After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldn't walk any farther. 走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。 ? glance; stare; glare
> 这组动词都与\看\有关。glance意为\匆匆一瞥\,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如:
1) He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。
2) She glanced down the list of names. 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。
> stare意为\凝视\,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如: She stared at him in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。 He was staring out to the sea. 他凝目眺望大海。
> glare意为\怒视;瞪眼\,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如:
They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。
? go on to do sth;go on doing sth.;go on with sth. 这三个短语都有继续做某事 的意思,但在含义上有所不同。 > go on to do sth.表示\接着做另一件事\,即接下去做与
原来不同的一件事;> go on doing sth...表示\继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有
做完的事\;> go on with sth.表示\间断后继续做原来没有做完的事\,其后一般接代词作
宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。例如: After they had read
the text,the students went on to do the exercises. 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。 The students
went on talking and laughing all the way. 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。 After a rest,we went
on with our lesson(=After a rest,we went on having our lesson.). 休息以后,我们继续上
课。 H
? habit, practice, custom, convention这组名词一般含义为\习惯\。
> habit指个人的\习惯\,通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法 That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.
这证明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。
> practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的\习惯\,这种\习惯\从性质上看是一种反复不 断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat--the
normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
在另一方面,一想到用动物油煎马铃薯,你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为 大家接受的通常习惯。
She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet
following her general practice she had shut them before going out.
她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯, 她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。
> custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长 期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或 规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必须遵循的意义
Don't be a slave to custom. 不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。
From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and
behaviour.
一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。