词汇辨析500例(6)

2019-05-26 23:57

> convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事 或表达思想的方法

They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything

extraordinary.

他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。

? hand down;hand in;hand over;hand out ; by hand ;hands up

> hand down作\把......传下来\解。例如:

...knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race. ......他们的知识,生活习惯以及人们所怀念的事情,都是由他们的祖先传下来的。 The story was handed down from one generation to another.这个故事世代相传。 > hand in为\把......交上来\、\交给\、\递交\之意。例如:

Time is up.Hand in your examination papers.时间到了,请把试卷交上来。 > hand over作\转交\或\移送\解。例如:

Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou.请将这笔钱转交小周。

The thief was handed over to the police.小偷已被移送到公安机关了。

> hand out为\散发\之意。例如: When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers. 我赶到教室时,老师已开始分发试卷了。

> hands up表示\举起手来\;> by hand表示\用手\、\手工\,是介词短语,作方式状语。 [EXERCISES]

①This toy was made . ②After class, you must your homework. ③If you have any questions to ask,please . (Keys:①by hand ②hand in ③hands up) ? have sb.do sth.;have sb./sth.doing sth.;have sth.done > have sb.do sth.为\使(让、请)某人做某事\之意,其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。 例如: The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站 着。 > have sb./sth.doing sth.为\让某人(某事)一直做某事\之意,其中作宾补的现

在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如: The two cheats had their lights burning all night

long. 两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is large,my dad has only two men working

for him. 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。 > have sth.done 有两 层含义和用法: *其一,作\(有意地)让他人为自己做某事\解,即过去分词所表示的动作 由别人完成,而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。例如: I'll have a new suit made of this cloth. 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。 *作\(无意识地)让某人(或某物) 遭受不幸\解。例如: He had his handbag stolen. 他的手提包被人偷了。

? hear of/ hear from/ hear> hear of表示\听人说起\、\听说过\,侧重于间接听 说;> hear from表示\收到......的来信\、\收到......的来电\,后面接指人的名词或代词;

> hear表示\听见\、\听到\,后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。 [EXERCISES]

①I that our team won. ②I my brother twice a month. ③I her death

last week. ④Can you some birds singing? (Keys:①heard ②hear from ③heard of ④hear)

? holiday(holidays),leave, vacation 这三个词都有\假日(期)\的意思,但含义用法并

不相同。

> holiday(holidays)一般指\休假\

Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。 I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。 During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car.

在瑞典度假期间,我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。 Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。 My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. 我的假日过的很快,但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。

注:have a (或one's)holiday 度假,during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的 holiday 总用单数形式,但并不只是\一天\假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指\假日\,如 summer holidays 暑假。但\中的holiday 却是\一天\的假。 > leave 指\请假\,被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间 He stays at home on sick leave. 他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave. 他请了6个月的假。

> vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子,美国可指任何假日(期) The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation. 这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now. 费勒先生在度假。

? honour homage reverence deference > 都含\尊敬\、\敬意\的意思。 > honour 指\普遍承认或钦佩某人的人格、事迹等因而受到的尊敬\如: in hono(u)r of the martyred dead 向死难烈士致敬。 > homage 指\以诚恳恭敬的态度表示敬意\如: They bowed in homage to the Unknown Soldiers. 敬。

> reverence指\崇敬\如

He held her in reverence. 他崇敬她。

> deference指\听从长者、上司、或值得尊重的人表现出的尊敬\如:

Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference? 你对父母师长尊敬吗? ? hurt; injure; wound; cut > hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly, slightly,

seriously等修饰),也可指精神上、感情上的伤害(被very much/rather/deeply修饰),多

指伤痛。如:

I hurt my leg badly in the football match.在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。 He felt rather hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。

> injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:

他们向无名烈士墓鞠躬致

A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。

> wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成 的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:

The thief wounded him with a knife.那小偷用刀刺伤了他。 You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。

> cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如:

How did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?

I

? identical,alike,resemble > identical adj.指同一个人或物时,表示\同一的\,

可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,表示\完全一样的\。> alike adj.常 作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。> resemble

v.指看起来象。

A.After the earthquake the city ___ a battle field.

B.The interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,but they do overlap considerably.

C.You and your father don't look very much ____.

D.This gun is ____ to the one which the murderer used.

Answers: A. resembled B. identical C. alike D. identical ? illness;sickness;disease三者均有\病或疾病\之意。

> disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可引申为某种\弊端\,如:heart disease \心脏病\; disease of society\社会弊端\等。

> sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来

指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;

> illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间的病痛多用 illness。例如: He suffered from mountain sickness. 他患有高山病。

The child has suffered from illness for two years. 这孩子已经病了两年了。 Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。

? increase(decrease)...by;increase(decrease)...to > 与increase,decrease搭配时,

by表示数量增加或减少的幅度,即在原有的基础上\增加或减少了多少\;to则表示\增加或 减少到多少\。试比较:

The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to last year.

与去年相比,这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。

The population of India has increased to one billion.印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。

? in all; at all; after all > in all意为\总共\,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:

There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.) 共有25,000因努 伊特人。

这儿

> after all意为\毕竟\。表示\和预期相反\常放在句末;用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论

或理由,一般放在句首。后者也可译为\要记住,别忘了\。如:

I thought he was going to help us, but he didn't after all. 我以为他会帮助我们的,但他

终究没有帮我们。

After all your birthday is only two weeks away. 别忘了,再过两周就是你的生日了。

> at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,以加强语气,意为\根本;竟然\。如:

I don't agree with you at all.我根本不同意你的意见。

I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪,他竟然来了。(本来我以为他不会来的。)

? in the morning;on the morning of

按英语的习惯用法,in the morning(afternoon/evening)表示\在早上(下午)晚上\

之意,而on the morning(afternoon/evening)of则表示\在某个具体的一天的早上(下午/

晚上)\之意,试比较:

1)He often reads English and Chinese in the morning. 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。 2)At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th,1906,the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.

1906年4月18日早晨5点13分,旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。

? in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way > in the way 意为\挡道;妨

碍(某人)\。如:

Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。

> in a way 意为\用某种方法(做某事)\。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如:

He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。

In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends. 就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。

注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为\在某种程度上;在某些方面 (某一点上)\。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得

不错。 > in no way 意为\决不;一点也不\,常用来加强语气。如:

They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。

> on the way 意为\在途中\,其后常接to,表示\在去某地或做某事的路上\。如: He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。 J

? just/just now 它们都有\刚\的意思,都与时间有关。 > just表示\刚,刚刚\。多与

完成时态连用。

如:I've just borrowed a picture-book.我刚借了一本图画书。 > just now表示\刚才\,强调过去的动作,所以与一般过去时态连用。 如:She ate a big apple jus tnow.她刚才吃了一个大苹果。 K

? knock...into;knock into;knock down;knock at/on

> knock...into...意为\把......插/撞/敲/打入......中\。如:

Then they knocked a stick into the earth. 然后他们把木棒插入泥土中。 > knock into意为\撞在......上\。into是介词,只能位于其宾语前。如: Look out!Don't knock into others. 小心!别撞到别人身上。

> knock down意为\撞倒、打倒\。down为副词,宾语是名词时,down可位于名词前或 后?宾语是人称代词时,down必须位于宾语后。如:

The car knocked the house down(=knocked down the house).小汽车把房子给撞倒了。 Be careful with the little trees.Don't knock them down. 注意小树,不要把它们撞倒了。

knock at/on意为轻轻而有节奏地\敲\。它常用来表示\敲门/窗\等。如: Who is knocking at the door﹖ 谁在敲门?

Knock on the window pane; they may be in. 敲一下玻璃窗,他们或许在里面。 L

? late; lately; later; latest > late可作形容词或副词,意为\迟(的);晚(的)\。 如: He often comes late for school.他上学常迟到。 They were late for the film.他们看电

影迟到了。 > lately是副词,意为\最近;近来\相当于recently,常与现在完成时连用。如:

I haven't heard from him lately.我最近没收到他的来信。 > later为late的比较级,意为\较

迟的(地)\。另外,还可用作副词,意为\后来\。如: He goes home later than anybody.他 回家比谁都晚。 See you later.回头见。 > latest为late的最高级,意为\最迟的(地)\;

也相当于newest,意为\最新的\。如: I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡觉最迟的。

Here is the latest news from a broad.下面是来自国外的最新消息。 ? like;as

> 二者都可以用作连词,作\像......一样\解,但like多用于非正式的美国英语里,as用 于较为正式的场合。此外as从句中的谓语部分可以省略,而like从句中则不能省略谓 语。如:

Please do the experiment as Mr Li(does). 可以省略)

The fish doesn't taste like(as)it should. 那鱼的味道不应该是那样的。

> 二者用作介词时,as强调同类属或完全像,往往指本身就是;like侧重于比较,本身不 是。如:

He works like a waiter. 他像侍者那样工作。(本身不是侍者)

He works as a waiter. 他做侍者工作。(本身是侍者) ? likely; probable; possible 这三个词都表示\可能\,但possible和probable是形容词,只能修饰事、物;而likely

请像李先生那样做实验。(does


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