我国发展房地产投资信托基金
(REITs)的模式研究
2007年06月
摘 要
近年来在国外证券市场迅速发展的房地产投资信托基金(REITs)是一种以发行受益凭证的方式汇集多数投资人的资金,由专门投资机构进行投资和管理,并将投资综合收益按比例分配给投资人的一种集合投资信托制度。REITs不仅为房地产业的发展提供了银行外的融资渠道,而且为投资者提供了一种具有稳定收入、较低风险的投资产品。在中国,由于中国资本市场不甚发达,因此一直没有房地产投资信托基金的存在。但随着国家宏观调控的加强和房地产市场自身发展的需要,房地产业在快速发展的同时遇到资金瓶颈,我国民间蕴藏着巨大的资本却缺乏高回报的投资渠道,发展房地产投资信托基金的必要性逐渐显现出来。作为连接这两者的房地产投资信托基金在我国发展遇到了模式选择的问题。
本文从研究房地产投资信托基金的模式入手,介绍了国外REITs的组织模式、投资模式、发行形态和运作模式四个方面,运作房地产投资信托基金是可以有不同模式搭配方案。根据我国发展房地产信托投资基金的现状及遇到的诸如法规不健全、市场不成熟、政策不明确等障碍,我们应该发展适合于自身条件的典型模式:在组织模式方面,应该先发展契约型基金,然后再逐步培养公司型基金;在投资模式方面,根据目前国内房地产市场的发展现状,信托机构的信托资金可以有多种投向;在发行形态方面,开始阶段应该选择封闭式,但封闭式有着结构上的固有缺陷,因此如果条件成熟应该转为开放式,另外也可以结合封闭式和开放式两者的优势,对封闭式基金做一些改进;在运作模式方面,作者借鉴了国外模式及我国的具体情况,从市场条件和发展前景上考虑,建议我国应采用契约型上市房地产信托投资基金来开展运作。最后,本文为我国发展REITs提出了相应的建议和对策。
关键词:房地产证券化 投资信托 模式选择
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Abstract
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), which has been rapidly developed in the security markets of foreign countries in recent years, is a Collective Investment Trust Scheme. It gathers money of investors by sending them beneficiary certificate , and give the money to special investment organization to invert in real estate industry ,in the end, it must distribute most of its profits as dividends to investors . REITs has not only offered a financing channel outside the bank for the real estate industry's development, but also offered a kind of investment products with stable income and low risk for investors. Real estate industry witnesses the bottleneck of funds when developing at a fast pace, meanwhile the public hold huge capital seeking more profitable investment channels. The real estate investment trusts (REITs) can bridge the two, but confront the pattern choice problem in China.
The paper does a lot of study on patterns of REITs, and introduces the patterns of REITs in foreign countries, which can be divided into four aspects: organization mode, investment mode, distribution mode and operating mode. We must develop the typical pattern of trust financing in our country: In respect of the organization mode, contractual fund should be primarily developed and followed by the setting up incorporation fund. For investment mode, according to the present situation of the real estate market in our country, the funds can be invested in many different directions. As concerning distribution, close mode is recommended to be taken at the beginning stage. While considering the internal structural fault of the close mode, under the allowable condition, open mode maybe replace it, or we can combine the advantages of both modes and improve the close mode. On operating pattern,a primary operating plan is presented according to the chosen C- Real Estate Investment Trusts. Finally, the paper gives future suggestions on C- Real Estate Investment Trusts.
Keywords:Real Estate Securitization Investment Trusts
Pattern selection
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目 录
摘 要............................................................ i Abstract........................................................... II 第一章 绪论........................................................ 1
一、选题背景 .................................................... 1 二、文献综述 .................................................... 2
(一)国际研究主要成果......................................... 2 (二)国内研究主要成果......................................... 3 三、选题的目的和意义 ............................................ 4 四、本文研究的方法和框架 ........................................ 4
(一)研究方法................................................. 4 (二)研究框架................................................. 5
第二章 我国REITs发展的可行性和必要性分析.......................... 6
一、REITs的概念及发展状况....................................... 6
(一) REITs理念的产生 ........................................ 6 (二) REITs与相关概念的辨析 .................................. 6 (三)REITs 在美国的发展....................................... 8 (四)REITs在欧洲的发展 ....................................... 9 (五)REITs 在亚洲的发展...................................... 10 (六)REITs 在全球的发展...................................... 10 二、我国REITs发展的必要性分析 ................................. 11
(一)促进房地产企业融资和健康发展的需要...................... 11 (二)信托业继续发展和业务重组的必然要求...................... 13 (三)完善我国金融市场结构的需要.............................. 13 (四)满足社会对低风险投资工具的需求.......................... 14 三、我国REITs发展的可行性分析 ................................. 15
(一)金融体制改革和政策调整逐步深入与完善.................... 15 (二)发展REITs所需的投资主体已逐步成熟...................... 16 (三)国外REITs进入中国促使我国REITs的发展.................. 17
第三章 其他国家和地区REITs的模式研究............................. 18
一、REITs组织模式研究.......................................... 18
(一)公司型REITs ............................................ 18 (二)契约型REITs ............................................ 18 (三)公司型和契约型REITs的区别.............................. 18 二、REITs投资模式研究.......................................... 20
(一)权益型REITs ............................................ 20 (二)抵押型REITs ............................................ 20 (三)混合型REITs ............................................ 21 三、REITs发行形态研究.......................................... 21
(一)开放式REITs ............................................ 21 (二)封闭式REITs ............................................ 21 (三)开放式REITs与封闭式REITs的区别........................ 21 四、REITs运作模式研究.......................................... 22
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