四、公示语翻译练习
1.小心台阶 2. 非公莫入 3. 谨防扒手 4. 老弱病残孕专座 5. 请勿酒后驾车 6. 请勿随地大小便 7.先来先办 8.立等可取 9. 全天营业 10.清仓大甩卖 11. 禁止一切车辆 12. 小心站台间隙 五、菜单翻译练习
1.德州扒鸡 2.回锅肉片 3.狗不理包子 4. 口水鸡 5. 蚂蚁上树
6. 法式甜酸西红柿片配黄油鸡蛋粒：
7．酥炸黑色发酵豆块佐红辣椒蒜汁
8．铁板特煎外十分熟内七分熟碎牛扒佐青椒段洋葱块：
9. 特制甜糯米配日式蜜豆沙及八色澳洲香焙干果：
10．墨西哥特辣炖过油精致阿根廷小牛肉配当下时蔬：
11. 辛辣花椒原生豆酱浓姜红汤土豆米线毛肚香菜小肉球海带白菜鸭舌猪脑生切鱼片猪肉片羊肉片牛肉片老牛肉片嫩牛肉片牛筋黄喉儿笋子豆皮豆干豆腐杂烩炖：
（五） 词性转换
一．词性转换
转性译法是是所有词法翻译中最重要的翻译技能之一。英汉互译中最常见的词性转换是动词－名词之间。
二．英译汉 ▲英语名词转换
1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 译文：
2. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing 译文：
3. Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
4. For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 译：
5. There is a growing acceptance by the parents of their children?s socialization and participation in various social activities.
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试译：
越来越多的老师接受了学生在校外打工的事实。
越来越多的社会大众意识到了在住房和教育方面存在的普遍性问题。
英语动词的转换
6. Antiwar demonstrations, black civil rights protests, women?s rights activities, and rebellion by young people against traditional authority characterized in the 1960s.
7. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 译文：
▲英语形容词的转换
10．If you don't watch TV every day, you will be ignorant of the present situation both at home and abroad. 译文：
三、汉译英 ●译家之言
动词对任何语言来讲都是重要的，他的重要作用在汉语中尤为突出，展开一篇汉语作品，略与英语作品相比较，我们马上发觉，前者的动词使用频率远远超过后者。(林同济) 1．他请求领导分配他去基层工作。
2．我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算账吧。 ◆动词的转换
1.这为东南亚各国保持经济持续增长，发展经济合作，创造了重要的前提条件。 译文：
2.我们要确保更有效地利用外资。 译文1： 译文2：
3.坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。 译文1：
译文2:
4.市场格局发生了重大变化，引发了新一轮彩电价格大战。 译文：
◆ 名词的转换：
6．外资企业日前已经成为浦东新区出口增长的拉动力。 译文：
四. 小试身手
1.White policemen are now careful of how they speak and behave towards their fellow black citizens.
2.Variety is a key characteristic of the United States, both geographically and culturally.
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3.The isolation of the rural world because of the distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
4 要特别重视控制人口、节约资源、保护环境。
5．香港回归祖国，标志着一国两制构想的巨大成功。
6. 建立和健全社会保障体系，关系到改革、发展、稳定的大局，意义重大。
五．翻译练习（25ms）
As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world?s biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.
Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier goods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century?s dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That?s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.
（六） 正反褒贬
一．正反译法
正反译法就是把原文的肯定语气翻译成否定语气，或把原文的否定语气翻译成肯定语气的翻译。巧妙运用反译法，有时候可以“柳暗花明又一村”达到意想不到的效果。
Freeze! _______________________ Wet paint! _______________________
Keep Upright! ________________ Please tender(=offer) exact fare. _______________________ Frost-free refrigerator._______________________
I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. 译文：_______________________________________
经典译例：I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.
原译：我从来没有因为说错任何话而遭受损失，但他也从来没有因为我说错话而遭受损失？ 改译：_________________________________________________________ ◆英语肯定 汉语否定
(1) The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. （a narrow margin of profit-薄利）
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译文：
(2) As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading. （damp＝slightly wet） 译文：
（3）The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off. 译文：
★英语中有一些常用肯定形式的词，往往有否定的含义。这些词在翻译时一般要从反面进行翻译。它们包括：动词：miss, neglect, fail, ignore, refrain (from), deny, refuse名词：failure, ignorance, absence, lack形容词：free, absent, last, short 副词：too，otherwise介词：beyond, above, before 连接词：unless, or等。 His ignorance in history resulted in his failure in the interview. 译文：
The soldiers would fight to death before they surrender. 译文：
His childhood is free from anxiety. 译文：
Don?t count your chicken before they are hatched. 译文：
Shallow and conceited, he is the last person our company wants. 译文：
(4) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 译文：
◆英语否定 汉语肯定
(1) Such flights couldn't long escape notice. 译文：
(2) The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as joyable as possible. 译文：
（3）We could not be more mistaken.译文：
(4) APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open rather than closed in its approach.
译文：亚太经合组织________________，而其态度上必须是开放的而不是封闭的。
(5) China is too large and important a country to take such actions without it being widely noted. 译文：
（6）If we do not hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.（Benjamin Franklin） 译文1：
◆“反说正译”尤其适合一些特殊句式的翻译，包括一些双重否定。 (9) Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection. 译文：
(10) I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.译文：
（11）No one can drive, fly, or enter many private and public buildings without a picture ID, usually a driver?s license or passport. (02/9)
五．小试身手
Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War II powers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council. 译文：
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二．褒贬翻译
在翻译中，对于一些带有明显褒贬色彩的词汇，译者在翻译时需要根据词汇的感情色彩选取相应的感情色彩的词汇进行翻译。
1．Hitler persued an aggressive policy after he seized power.希特勒夺取政策之后，就推行__________-。 2．John was aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 译文：约翰是一个__________推销员，他工作干得很出色。 3.An aggressive young man can go far in this firm.
译文：一个___________青年能在这公司干出一番事业来。 4.The Japanese were very aggressive. 译文：日本鬼子很______________-。
Ambitious＝strong desire for success,power, riches.
5.We have an ambitious plan for the brand new technology of Digital Broadcasting by Satellite, due to start next year.(98/9)
译文：我们有一项__________的计划，即明年起使用全新的卫星数码技术进行广播。 6.The reactionary?s chief ambition is to become the emperor. 译文：那些反革命的_____________是做皇帝。 7. It is the height of my ambition to serve my country. Somebody＝A person of importance
8.Everybody who is anybody has showed up in the meeting译文： 9.Your friends are all just a bunch of nobodies. 译文；你的朋友都是________________。
Flatter＝To compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially in order to win favor
10.Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever see. 译文：汉斯说，这位先生是他见过的最有胆识的人，_____________________。 11.Mr Brown felt greatly flattered, when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 译文：布朗先生接到作演讲的要请，___________________。 Hand-in-glove with=be in close relations with.
12.Those two comrades are hand -in-glove with each other.
13.The reactionaries work hand-in-glove with the imperialists to suppress the national liberation. 译文：反动派和帝国主义_______________，镇压民族解放运动。 三．小试身手
I?m not surprised those two are such friends, they are birds of a feather.
He has conspired against me like the rest, and they are bad birds of one feather.
四．翻译练习
有两个大款附庸风雅，参加一个冷餐会。与会者中自然不乏真正的名流学者。席间，一位学者与其中的大款甲闲聊，话题不知怎么扯到莎士比亚身上。学者问大款甲：”先生是否对莎士比亚最有兴趣？”
大款甲顿了顿，旋即正色道：”相比之下，还是威士忌合我口味。”这时，大家都暗自窃笑。大款乙也看出了苗头，悻悻然走开。在回来的小车上，大款乙教训大款甲说：”你真一点都不懂，莎士比亚是饮料，你怎么把它当洋酒了！”
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