中考数学压轴题100题精41-60题及答案(5)

2019-08-31 22:55

【041】(1)如图 (3分) y(千米)

150

100

50

0 1 2 -1

D B E A C 6 7 8 x(小时) 5 3 4 (2)2次······························································································································· (5分) (3)如图,设直线AB的解析式为y?k1x?b1,

0)B(6,150), ?图象过A(4,,?4k1?b1?0,?k1?75,????y?75x?300.① ···················································· (7分)

6k?b?150.b??300.?11?1设直线CD的解析式为y?k2x?b2,

0)D(5150),, ?图象过C(7,,?7k2?b2?0,?k2??75,??············································· (7分) ?y??75x?525.② ·??b?525.?5k2?b2?150.?2?x?5.5,解由①、②组成的方程组得?

y?112.5.??最后一次相遇时距离乌鲁木齐市的距离为112.5千米. (12分)

【042】解:(1)∵点D是OA的中点,∴OD?2,∴OD?OC. 又∵OP是?COD的角平分线,∴?POC??POD?45°, ∴△POC≌△POD,∴PC?PD. ··················································································· 3分 (2)过点B作?AOC的平分线的垂线,垂足为P,点P即为所求.

易知点F的坐标为(2,2),故BF?2,作PM⊥BF, 1∵△PBF是等腰直角三角形,∴PM?BF?1,

2∴点P的坐标为(3,3).

y CP (0,2) F M B A(4,0) x O E D

∵抛物线经过原点,∴设抛物线的解析式为y?ax2?bx.

3)和点D(2,0),∴有?又∵抛物线经过点P(3,?9a?3b?3?a?1 解得?

?4a?2b?0?b??2∴抛物线的解析式为y?x2?2x. ·························································································· 7分 (3)由等腰直角三角形的对称性知D点关于?AOC的平分线的对称点即为C点.

连接EC,它与?AOC的平分线的交点即为所求的P点(因为PE?PD?EC,而两点之间线段最短),此时△PED的周长最小.

,?1),C点的坐标(0,2), ∵抛物线y?x2?2x的顶点E的坐标(1设CE所在直线的解析式为y?kx?b,则有?∴CE所在直线的解析式为y??3x?2.

?k?b??1?k??3,解得?.

b?2b?2??1?x???y??3x?2??11?2点P满足?,解得?,故点P的坐标为?,?.

?22??y?x?y?1??2△PED的周长即是CE?DE?10?2.

2). ·(4)存在点P,使?CPN?90°.其坐标是?,?或(2,····································· 14分

【043】解(Ⅰ)?y1?x,y2?x2?bx?c,y1?y2?0,

······································································································· 1分 ?x2??b?1?x?c?0.·将??,??2?11??22?1312分别代入x??b?1?x?c?0,得 2211?1??1??b?1??c?0,?b?1????c?0, ??????32?3??2?解得b?

1151,c?.?函数y2的解析式为y2?x2?x?. ······································ 3分 6666

(Ⅱ)由已知,得AB?2,设△ABM的高为h, 6?S△ABM?1121. AB·h?h?3,即2h?1442121211511. 2h,由T?t2?t?,得?t2?t??6666144根据题意,t?T?2当t?5115t???时,解得t1?t2?; 66144125115?25?2t??时,解得t3?. ,t4?661441212当t?2?t的值为

55?25?2. ·························································································· 6分 ,,121212(Ⅲ)由已知,得???2?b??c,???2?b??c,T?t2?bt?c.

?T????t????t???b?,T????t????t???b?,

??????2?b??c????2?b??c?,化简得??????????b?1??0.

?0?????1,得????0, ?????b?1?0.

有??b?1???0,??b?1???0. 又0?t?1,?t???b?0,t???b?0,

?当0?t≤a时,T≤?≤?;当??t≤?时,??T≤?;

当??t?1时,????T. ····································································································· 10分 【044】(1) 配方,得y=–1) .

取x=0代入y=

12

(x–2) –1,∴抛物线的对称轴为直线x=2,顶点为P(2,212

x –2x+1,得y=1,∴点A的坐标是(0,1).由抛物线的2

对称性知,点A(0,1)与点B关于直线x=2对称,∴点B的坐标是(4,1). 2分

设直线l的解析式为y=kx+b(k≠0),将B、P的坐标代入,有 ?1?4k?b,?k?1,解得∴直线l的解析式为y=x–3.3分 ???1?2k?b,b??3.??(2) 连结AD交O′C于点E,∵ 点D由点A沿O′C翻折后得到,∴ O′C垂直平分AD.

由(1)知,点C的坐标为(0,–3),∴ 在Rt△AO′C[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]中,O′A=2,AC=4,∴ O′C=25.

11据面积关系,有 ×O′C×AE=×O′A×CA,∴

2248AE=5,AD=2AE=5.

55作DF⊥AB于F,易证Rt△ADF∽Rt△CO′A,AFDFAD∴, ??ACO?AO?CAD16AD8∴ AF=·AC=,DF=·O′A=,5分

O?C5O?C583又 ∵OA=1,∴点D的纵坐标为1–= –,

55163∴ 点D的坐标为(,–).

55(3) 显然,O′P∥AC,且O′为AB的中点,

∴ 点P是线段BC的中点,∴ S△DPC= S△DPB . 故要使S△DQC= S△DPB,只需S△DQC=S△DPC .

过P作直线m与CD平行,则直线m上的任意一点与CD构成的三角形的面积都等于S△DPC ,故m与抛物线的交点即符合条件的Q点.

1633容易求得过点C(0,–3)、D(,–)的直线的解析式为y=x–3,

54535据直线m的作法,可以求得直线m的解析式为y=x–.

421235735令x–2x+1=x–,解得 x1=2,x2=,代入y=x–,得y1= –1,2422421y2=, 8[来源:学_科_网]因此,抛物线上存在两点Q1(2,–1)(即点P)和Q2(

71,),使得S△DQC= S△DPB.28

?c?112?【045】(1)将A(0,1)、B(1,0)坐标代入y?x?bx?c得?12?b?c?0??23??b??解得?2

??c?1∴抛物线的解折式为y?123x?x?1…(2分) 22(2)设点E的横坐标为m,则它的纵坐标为

123m?m?1 22即 E点的坐标(m,

1231m?m?1)又∵点E在直线y?x?1上2221231∴m?m?1?m?1 解得m1?0(舍去),m2?4 222来源:Z§xx§k.Com]

∴E的坐标为(4,3)……(4分) (Ⅰ)当A为直角顶点时

过A作AP1⊥DE交x轴于P1点,设P1(a,0) 易知D点坐标为(-2,0) 由Rt△AOD∽Rt△POA得

DOOA2111?即?,∴a= ∴P1(,0)……(5分) OAOP1a2211(Ⅱ)同理,当E为直角顶点时,P2点坐标为(,0)……(6分)

2(Ⅲ)当P为直角顶点时,过E作EF⊥x轴于F,设P3(b、3)由∠OPA+

∠FPE=90°,得∠OPA=∠FEP Rt△AOP∽Rt△PFE

AOOP1b?? 解得b1?3,b2?1 得

PFEF4?b3∴此时的点P3的坐标为(1,0)或(3,0)……(8分)

111,0)或(1,0)或(3,0)或(,22330)(Ⅲ)抛物线的对称轴为x?…(9分)∵B、C关于x=对称 ∴

22综上所述,满足条件的点P的坐标为(

来源学科网MC=MB

要使|AM?MC|最大,即是使|AM?MB|最大

由三角形两边之差小于第三边得,当A、B、M在同一直线上时|AM?MB|


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