一、词或短语的意思。要求确定对了解所读材料的主旨大意、关键事实和对细节有影响的词语的意思;
二、句和句内容之间的联系。要求考生既能理解个别句子的意思,又能理解上下文的逻辑关系;
三、文章的主题思想和大意。要求确定文章的中心思想、段落大意或设想文章的标题; 四、句子和文章内在的涵义及推理。要求既能理解字面意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论;
五、文章作者的态度。要求根据文章叙事的口气,判断作者的态度和倾向。
2013年自考英语(二)复习四题型解析之汉译英
汉译英的目的是检查考生用英语表达思想的能力。汉译英题都是单句,结构不会太复杂,要求的词汇也多为常用词,但译出的句子不仅意思要准确,还要符合英语的表达习惯。 做汉译英题也和做英译汉题一样,不要忙着立即从第一个词开始寻找相应的英语词汇,一个词一个词地顺着译下去。我们同样要以英语的五个基本句型为标准,仔细分析汉语原文,看哪些是主要成分,哪些是附加的修饰成分。先把英语译文的主要构架确定下来,然后寻找适当的英语词汇,将句子的主要意思翻译出来。这样译成的英语句子,至少在结构上不致有大问题,接着再看次要成分(也就是定语、状语等修饰语),译成英语后依照英语的习惯安放在适当的位置,这样,一个句子就译成了。 我们看看这一题:
“我们应该对自己的健康承担起责任。”
分析了这个句子,我们可看出:“我们——应该承担起——责任”是句子的主体,参照英语基本句型可译成We should take the responsibility。接着看剩下的部分:“对自己的健康”。根据我们学到的英语知识,知道它可译成一个介词短语for our own health,是作状语修饰“承担起”的。按英语习惯,修饰动词的介词短语不能放在动词的前后,只能
放在句后较合适。于是最后的译文就是:We should take the responsibility for our health。
我们不妨再来看一个例子:
“那是去年在纽约我第一次见到这位作家。”
我们一看这句话的语气,就知道它应是一个强调句。要是不加以强调,它的主要成分译成英语该是I met the author:“去年在纽约”是两个状语 last year 和 in New York,按英语习惯,这两个状语亦放在句前或句后;剩下的“第一次”(first)也是状语,这类状语按习惯要放在动词前。那么译成英语便是:Last year in New York I first net the author.现在要把它转换成强调句型,英语强调句型的构成是“It + be +被强调的部分 + that + 余下的部分”,那么最后译成的句子就是:It was last year in New York that I first met the author.
最后要说的是,翻译时我们最好采用最简单的结构、最常用的词语,这样可以减少误译。另外,汉译英题通常有目的地要求考生使用已学过的某个重要句型或常用词语,如上面分析的两个句子,第一个希望用上take the responsibility 这个短语,第二个要求用强调句型。因此考生在选用词语和句型时,要尽可能利用在课文中学过的东西。
2013年自考公共课英语写作必背20句
1.According to a recent survey,four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number;of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However,this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus,which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem:the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government,which is blind to this point,may pay a heavy price. 任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure. 无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held,this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。