解析：insist后的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should +动词原形，should可以省略，故选A) that he not stay。 28. A) 题意：有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时代和不同的地方。
解析：wish引导一个与现在情况相反的宾语从句时，动词用过去时，并且用were代替 was，所以A) were living是正确答案。
29. C) 题意：这些申请表尽可能早地送回来是很必要的。
解析：“it is essential + that从句 ”的虚拟语气用should +动词原形，should可以省略。所以选项C是正确答案。
30. B) 题意：由市长颁发奖品的建议得到了所有人的认可。
解析：suggestion引出的同位语从句的虚拟语气用should + 动词原形或者省略should,故选B。 31. D) 题意：经理宁愿其女儿不在同一个办公室工作。 解析：would rather后的虚拟语气用过去式，故选D。 32. A) 题意：酒店招待确保客人登记无误是很重要的。
解析：“it is important + that从句 ”的虚拟语气用should +动词原形，should可以省略。所以选项A是正确答案。
33. C) 题意：如果涉及到的上百万的计算用人工完成，那么等算完时早已失去其实用价值。
解析：if引导的虚拟从句与过去事实相反，从句用“had +过去分词”形式，if省略，had提前，并以插入语的方式置于句中，主句用“would + have +过去分词”形式，所以选项C为正确答案。
34. A) 题意：杰克常希望他上大学时学的是商业而不是历史。
解析：wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气如表示对过去情况的假设，动词形式用过去完成式（had +过去分词）或could + have +过去分词的形式，所以选项A)had studied是正确答案。
35. C) 题意：这篇文章建议，当一个人处于不寻常的压力下时，他应该尤其注意自己的饮食平衡。 解析：suggest引出的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should +动词原形或省略should的形式，但本句的考查点却不是宾语从句的主句（he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet）,而是宾语从句中一个由when引导的时间状语从句，不需用虚拟语气，因此选项C) is是正确答案。
36. D) 题意：许多代表都赞成他的提议即设立一个专门委员会来调查此事故。 解析：proposal引出的同位语从句的虚拟语气用should + 动词原形或者省略should,该句是被动语态，故选D。
37. A) 题意：如果那位母亲坚持不放弃抚养婴儿的权利，那事情可能还要糟糕的多。 解析：if引导的与过去情况相反的假设，从句用had + 过去分词的形式，主句用would/could+ have + 过去分词，故选项A是正确答案。
第二讲 非谓语动词
I．考点分析
非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是四级考试的的难点。因为非谓语动词的用法很复杂，它既含有时态语态的变化、又有否定形式。例如：
He seemed to have waited there for a long time. (不定式的完成时态) He seemed to be waiting for someone. (不定式的正在进行时)
He seemed to have not known the place very well. (不定式的完成时态的否定形式) He seemed to have been told about it. (不定式的被动语态) 一、非谓语动词不同形式的基本用法。
1. 现在分词可以用作状语、定语和表语。例如： The film is exciting. (表语)
The exciting film attracted the children very much. (定语)
Having finishing the homework, children went to the playground to play basketball. (状语)
The problem being discussed is what they are concerned with. (定语)
2. 过去分词的用法与现在分词大体相当，可以用作状语、定语和表语。只是表示的意义有所不同。例如： Children are excited at the film. (表语)
The excited children sang and danced to the midnight. (定语)
Excited at the news, children went to the playground to play basketball. (状语)
This was the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday. (定语)
3. 不定式有两种形式：带to的不定式和不带to的不定式, 不定式有进行体、完成体和被动语态。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等。 It is of Importance to have good friends. (逻辑主语) To see is to believe. (主语)
I expect him to come back soon. (宾语补语) I don?t know how to get there. (宾语) We need someone to help us. (定语)
To get there earlier, we started at 6 o?clock. (状语) The room seemed to have been cleaned. (表语) 4. 动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语。 I don?t liking talking with her. (宾语) Smoking is dangerous for health. (主语) Her hobby is collecting coins. (表语) 二、 四级考试中的非谓语动词考点
1. 非谓语动词的时态和语态
The two buildings being repaired now are the students? dormitories. (正在进行时表示动作正在发生，被动语态表示被动)
The two buildings repaired during the summer vacations are the students? dormitories. (过去分词作定语，表示动作完成)
The two buildings to be repaired are the students? dormitories. (不定式表示动做未发生，将要发生) 2. 非谓语动词的否定形式和物主代词的用法
Not knowing what to do next, he asked me for help. (分词作状语的否定形式) I regret not telling her the news earlier. (动名词作宾语的否定形式)
I don?t mind your being late. (动名词作宾语的物主形式)
I persuade him not to stay there too long. (不定式作补语的否定形式)
3. 现在分词和过去分词区别：现在分词表示现在和主动的意思；过去分词含有被动和完成的意思。例如； Originally cultivated In India, the banana brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found It In Africa. 句中主语the banana和cultivate的关系应属被动关系，用过去分词Originally cultivated。
The lost child was found hiding in the cave.
句中hiding in the cave与其主语the child是主动关系，用现在分词。 4. 不定式和动名词的区别：不定式和动名词都可以作宾语，但在英语中不同的动词要求后边的宾语形式不同。有些动词要求动名词所宾语，有些动词要求不定式所宾语，还有些动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语，但所表达的意思却不同。所以大家要记住这些特殊的动词。
要求不定式所宾语的动词有：expect, urge, Intend, persuade, prefer, cause, encourage, tell, ask, make, let, , 要求动名词所宾语的动词有：mind, quit, resent, mention, appreciate, postpone, consider, enjoy, deserve, delay, avoid, escape, deny, resist, admit, fancy, give up, cannot but, need, want，feel like
下列动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语：remember, forget, regret, mean, like, hate, love, stop remember, forget, regret后接不定式表示动作尚未发生；接动名词表示动作已经发生。like, hate, love 后接不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作；接动名词表示习惯性或抽象性的动作。
stop 后接不定式表示停下现在动作去做另一件事；接动名词表示停下现在所进行的动作。 mean 后接不定式表示打算去做一件事；接动名词表示意思是什么。 5. 几种特殊的句型
1）It is no good (use)+ doing sth.
It is no use arguing with her about the matter.
2）There Is no _ doing sth.
There is no telling when to start.
3）But + (to)do: 介词前动词若是实义动词do， 省略to; 介词前动词若不是实义动词do， 则不能省略to。 Our parents required us of nothing but to study hard. He said nothing but to cry.
He did nothing but cry.
4）分词的固定搭配词组：judging from, generally speaking, considering, taking…into consideration, compared to (with)
6. 独立主格结构
独立主格结构是带有逻辑主语的分词短语，它有以下几种形式： 1）主语＋分词
The problem being solved, he went back home.
Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend.
The report having been read a lively discussion began.
2）With + 逻辑主语+分词（形容词、副词或介词短语等） The old man came In with a book under his arm. They went home with the lights on. 三、 非谓语动词考点例题 ? 时态
1． As a public relations officer, he is said ______some very influential people. （01/6/34）【A】 A) to know B) to be knowing C) to have been knowing D) to have known 2. The ancient Egyptians are supposed ______rockets to the moon. （96/6/37）【C】
A) to send B) to be sending C) to have sent D) to have been sending ? 语态
1. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______to the nation. （96/6/24）【D】 A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left
2. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self--restraint as if I were the one ______.（96/6/28）【D】
A) to correct B) correcting C) having corrected D) being corrected
3. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______ in Cuba. （00/1/45）【B】
A) having cultivated B) being cultivated C) been cultivated D) cultivating ? 作状语（不定式,分词）
1. Could you find someone ______.（94/4/63）【A】
A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis with 2. ______a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.（95/1/48）【A】 A) To become B) Become C) One become D) On becoming
3. This programme will examine the writer's books in detail ______an introduction to her life. （94/4/70）【A】 A) following B) having followed C) being followed D) to be followed 4. The house was very quiet______ at it was on the side of a mountain. （99/6/48）【A】 A) isolated B) being isolated C) isolating D) having been isolated ? 作宾补（分词）
1. In Australia the Asians make their influence ______in businesses large and small.（94/4/67）【C】 A) feeling B) feel C) felt D) to be felt 2. Don't get your schedule ______; stay with us in this class. （96/1/42）【C】 A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change ? 作后置定语(分词)
1. Homework ______ on time will lead to better grades. （95/1/44）【A】
A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done
2. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported school must be established In every town ______50 household or more. （98/1/36）【A】
A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had ? 作宾语(动名词)
1. Ann never dreams of ______for her to be sent abroad very soon. （98/6/43）【A】
A) there being a chance B) there to be a chance C) there be a chance D) being a chance 2. He gives people the impression ______all his life broad. （98/6/46）【A】 A) of having spent B) to have spent C) of being spent D) to spend ? 特殊动词后接不定式作宾语
1. I would appreciate ______ it a secret. （95/6/41）【A】
A) your keeping B) you to keep C) that you keep D) that you will keep 2. Mark often attempts to escape ______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. （95/6/42）【D】 A) having been fined B) to be fined C) to have been fined D) being fined 3. If I had remembered __ the window, the thief would not have got in. （96/1/40）【A】 A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D) having closed
4. The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company. （97/6/58）【D】 A) have told B) be told C) being told D) having told
II. 历届考题中的非谓语动词
1. ______the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall of the edge of the earth. （96/6/22） A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
2. The traditional approach ______with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems. （96/6/33）
A) to dealing B) in dealing C) dealing D) to deal
3. When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. （97/1/44） A) cheating B) cheat C) to cheat D) to be cheating 4. Your hair wants _______. You'd better have it done tomorrow. （97/6/48）
A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut
5. _______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. （97/6/56） A) Other things being equal
B) were other things equal
C) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal
6. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ______late for his lecture. （98/1/31） A) to have students B) for students? being C) for students to be D) to students? being 7. People appreciate ______with him because he has a good sense of humor. （98/1/37）
A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having worked 8. They are going to have the serviceman ______an electric fan in the office tomorrow. （98/1/44） A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed 9. All things ______the planned trip will have to be called off. （98/6/49） A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered
10. All flights ______because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. （99/1/51） A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canceled 11. His remarks left me ______about his real purpose. （99/6/45）
A) wonder B) wondering C) wondered D) to wonder
12. I have heard both teachers and students ______ well of him. （99/6/46） A) speak B) to speak C) spoken
D) to have spoken
13. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ______both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. （99/6/57）
A) been B) to be C) being D) having been
14. The project ______by the end of 2000, will expand the city' s telephone network to cover 1, 000,000 users. （99/6/68）
A) being accomplished B) to be accomplished C) accomplished D) having been accomplished
15. I don't mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late. （00/1/43）
A) your delaying to make B) you delay to make C) your delaying making D) you to delay making
16. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ______ on benches, chairs or boxes. （00/1/46）
A) having seated B) seating C) having been seated D) seated
17.These surveys indicate that many crimes go ______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. （00/6/26）
A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded 18. I have no objection ______ your story again. （00/6/27）
A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having heard D) to have heard 19. You will see this product ______ wherever you go. （00/6/30）
A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising
20. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested ______ at the next town. （00/6/34） A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stopped
21. He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, ____ not very popular with all its members. （02/1/53） A) to be considered B)considering C)being considered D)having considered
22. ______in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $ 21,000. （01/1/46）
A) To be judged the best B) Having judged the best C) Judged the best D) Judging the best 23. I'll never forget ______you for the first time. （01/1/43）
A) to meet B) to have met C) meeting D) having to be meeting 24. That young man still denies ______the fire behind the store. （01/1/45） A) to start B) having started C) start D) to have started
25. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ______before their time. （01/6/36）
A) be bloomed B) bloom C) bloomed D) blooming
26. The president promised to keep all the board members ______of how the negotiations were going on. （01/6/54）
A) inform B) informing C) be informed D) informed
27. All the tasks ______ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week. （01/6/56） A) been fulfilled B) having been fulfilled C) were fulfilled D) had been fulfilled
III. 答案与详解
1. B) 题意：由于人们认为地球是扁平的，所以人们担心哥伦布会走到在地球的边缘。
解析：句中many是动作believe的发出者，主语many和believe的关系应属主动关系，用现在分词。
2. A) 题意：解决复杂问题的传统方法是把它们分解成众多的容易解决的小问题。
解析：句中approach后定语要用 介词to， 介词后接动名词 dealing， 所以选A)。
3. A) 题意： 当我发现他骗我时，我不再在那买东西了。我去另一家商店购物了。
解析：句中cheating 作宾语him的补语，二者之间是主动关系，要用现在分词， 所以选A)。 4. C) 题意：你的头发需要剪了，你最好明天去理发。
解析：句中动词want后需要接动名词作宾语，而且动名词的主动语态表示被动。所以选C)。 5. A) 题意：如果其他条件相同， 一个善于表达自己思想的人肯定会比语言能力弱的人成功的机会大。