三级语法讲义(10)

2020-02-22 12:43

D. that she

(答案:D备注:not until要放在一起)

She didn't realize she had forgotten her book until she arrived in class.

10.附加疑问句(反义疑问句)

考试重点:附加疑问句的基本用法;含有否定词的疑问句;祈使句的附加疑问句;一些特殊用法。 一、附加疑问句的基本用法

附加疑问句由两部分构成:陈述句+附加问句。一般的规则是:前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定。

1、He had to finish the work yesterday, _____? A. hadn?t he B. had he C. didn?t he D. did he

(答案:C。have作“有”以外解释时,附加疑问句要用助动词do/does/did。)

2、There won?t be any concert this Saturday evening _____? A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. will it be

(答案:B。当陈述句为there be句型时,附加疑问句用其否定或肯定的疑问句式。)

二、含有否定词的用法

若陈述句部分已有表示否定的 hardly,scarcely,never,seldom 等词时,反问句部分要用肯定。

1、She scarcely cares for anything _____? A. doesn?t B. does she C. is she D. isn't she

(答案:B)(1995年45题)

2、You never told me you have seen the film, _____? A. had you B. didn?t you C. did you

D. weren?t you

(答案:C)(2002年53题) 三、祈使句:

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祈使句的附加疑问句一般用will you?

1、Please let us have more time , _____? A. shall we B. will you C. won?t you D. don't you

(答案:B。如果此句中的let us变成let’s则用shall we。 例如:let?s go,shall we?)(1997年23题) 2、Don't forget to write to me, _____? A. do you B. won?t you C. are

D. will you

(答案:D)(1994年37题) 四、一些特殊用法:

陈述部分为主从复合句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况: 1) 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

2)2) 当陈述部分为含有定语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与

主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系:

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

3) 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句时,如果主句的主语是第一人称,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

1、I suppose you?re not serious, _____? A. don?t I B. do I C. are you D. aren?t you

(答案:C。主句的谓语是suppose和think,主语是第一人称,反问句部分要和从句的谓语一致。)(1996年57题)

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2、I don?t think you?ve heard of him before, _____? A. don?t I B. do I

C. have you D. haven?t you

(答案:C)(1992年33题)

注:如果主句是情态动词构成的推测句,这时的附加疑问句要看主句是对何时的事情进行推测。如果是对现在的事情进行推测,则附加疑问句用一般现在时,如果是对过去的事情进行推测,那么附加疑问句就用一般过去时。对这样的推测句进行的回答也要遵循此规则

he must be over 60, isn't he?

he must have been over 60 last year, wasn't he? he must have finished the work, didn't he?

例:---That car must have cost a lot of money.

---Oh, no,____

A.it mustn’t B.it hasn’t C.it doesn’t D.it didn’t ??(选D,主句是对过去的推测,在回答这样的句子时就用一般过去时,不能用A或B)

陈述部分有动词have的反义疑问句

1. 当 have 为助动词时,其反义疑问句沿用同样的助动词: He has already left, hasn’t he? 他已经离开了,是吗? 2. 当 have 为实意动词时,要分两种情况:

① 若表示“所有”,反义疑问句可以用have,也可以用do:

He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t/doesn’t he? 他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗? 但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,反义疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:

He hasn’t any money, has he? 他没有钱,是吗?

He doesn’t have any money, does he? 他没有钱,是吗? ② 若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思,反义疑问句要用do:

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He has supper at 5, doesn’t he? 他5点吃晚餐,是吗?

He had a good time at the party, didn’t he? 他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?

二.词汇,以及固定搭配 三.改错

挑错部分由10个单句组成,每个句子中有四个划线部分,其中有一个划线部分含有词汇或语法方面的错误,考生对错误挑出即可,不用改正,这一部分实际上是词语用法和语法结构部分的延伸,目的是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度, 重点固定搭配和句型。考试范围与第二部分相同。和其它三种题型相比较,它和词汇和语法结构部分一样,是相对比较简单的部分,考生应当在这一部分多得一些分数。常见错误类型分析: 一、用词错误

(一)固定搭配的错误

英语中固定搭配主要包括动词、形容词、名词同介词的搭配以及许多惯用法等。

1.Neither John and his father was able to wake up A B early enough to catch the morning train.

C D

(答案为A。neither…nor…既不…也不…,是固定搭配。)(2002年62题)

2.As time went on, he suffered such heavy losses A B C that he was forced giving up his business.

D

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(答案为D。be forced to do sth:被迫做…,要接不定式。因此应改为to give up。) (2002年64题)

(二)代词、替代词的错误

1.(Those of us) who work in (laboratories) should have (their) lungs (checked) quite regularly. 解题:错处是their。应改为our,代指前面的those of us。

2.Mary showed (the customs) officer her passport, and (then) John showed (him) (his one).

解题:答案为his one。应改为his,his本身可以作名词性的物主代词,不需要再用one了。

(三)连接词的错误

1. Mary found it (difficult) to talk (calmly) about (which) she had (experienced) at the station. (答案为C。 应改为:what。what 引导宾语从句在句中做介词about 的宾语。)

(2002年65题)

2. The United States (is composed) of fifty states, (two of those) are (separated from) (the others) by land or water.

(答案为B。应改为: two of which。非限定性定语从句,which在从句中指fifty states。)(2000年62题) 二、语法错误

句型与语法结构方面的错误是另一类常见错误。主要体现在以下几个方面:

(一)主谓一致方面的问题,主要表现为数的不一致。

1. The salesman told me (that) a good pair of glasses (were) supposed (to last) (at least) 3 to 4 years.

(答案为B。a good pair of glasses做主语, 动词要用单数。因此应改为was。)

(2001年69题)

2. The news (coming from) (different parts) of the world (are) often (extremely discouraging) these days.

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