6.3.1、同位语从句的基本用法
常跟在fact，idea，news等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导。 例：1、Would the news _____ he failed to pass the exam bother you?
A. which B. that
C. of which D. on which
（答案：B。同位语从句。）（2003年58题）
例：2、I had no idea that you were here. 我没有想到你会在这里。
6.3.2、如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是suggestion，proposal等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词。should可以省略。 例：1、My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them.
我的再做一次实验的建议被他们所接纳。 例：2、His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher. 他提议他们和别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛。这个提议受到了老师的表扬。 6.4状语从句
考试重点：状语从句的种类及一些连词的基本用法；让步状语从句；unless，supposed （that），whomever，whenever，wherever等连词的含义和用法。
在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。 6.4.1、时间状语从句
常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardly…when，no sooner…than，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一…就…） 例：1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard. A. when B. than C. then
D. after
（答案：B。no sooner…than 引导的时间状语从句。）（2002年57题） 例：2、She has wanted to become a nurse _____ since she was a young girl. A. long B. often C. always D. ever
（答案：D。时间状语从句，ever since表示从…以后一直。）（1997年56题） 6.4.2、条件状语从句
常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。
36
例：1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before. A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Provided
（答案：A。unless引导条件状语从句）（2001年40题）
例：2、_____ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. Provided
（答案：B）（1998年60题） 6.4.3、原因状语从句
一、 because, since,as和for引导的原因状语从句
1 because(因为）：表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强。
He didn't go to school because he was ill. Why didn't he go to school? Because he was ill.
2 since(既然）：一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的即成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱。
Since you are ill, I'll go alone.
3 as(由于）：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。
As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.
4 for(因为，其理由是）：是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明，表示新的情况，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首。
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
*当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since，且多放在句首。 Since/ As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 二、 now (that) (既然，现已...所以，当...才）；
Now (that) you've grown up, you should not behave like a child. Now (that) I am older I see things differently.
Now (that) I have heard the music I understand why you like it. In that:因为
His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can't afford it.
37
他的要求是不合理的, 因为他知道我们负担不起。
6.4.4让步状语从句
常用though/although，as （尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等。 例：In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society. A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever
（答案：D。wherever引导让步状语从句，wherever = no matter where）（1997年44题）
例：2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema. A. No matter whoever you are B. Whomever you are C. Whoever you are
D. No matter who are you
（答案：C。whoever,引导让步状语从句，= no matter who 备注：whoever , whomever引导名词性从句时，也属连接代词范畴，其中 whoever在句中可作主语、宾语或表语；whomever在句中只能作宾语）（1997年59题）
例：3、_____ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering. A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of
（答案：A。让步状语从句。）（1998年44题）
In spite of或despite之后必须用名词或动名词，不能接普通句子，例如不可说“Despite the public is getting increasingly discontented”只能说“Despite the fact that the public is getting increasingly
discontented”。不过，in spite of/despite the fact that这句式虽然正确，却嫌累赘，最好用although一字取代，例如：“Although the public is getting increasingly discontented, the government is determined to push the bill through.”
形容词/副词+as+其他：表示“尽管?” 例：4、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do. A. that B. as
C. although D. however
38
（答案：B。as引导让步状语从句，被强调的部分放在句子之前，进行倒装。）
（2000年44题） 6.4.5、方式状语从句
常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。
例：1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute. A. It B. That C. What D. As
（答案：D。As引导方式状语从句。）（1999年32题） 例：2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew
C. had known
D. would have known
（答案：B。as if（though）引导的方式状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。）
6.4.6、目的状语从句
常用so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case。
Lest [所连接的状语从句里常用should+原形动词,should可省略] 以免；生怕；唯恐 例子：
Be careful lest you fall from that tree. 要当心, 以免从树上摔下来。
I obeyed her lest she should be angry.
我得顺着她，免得她生气。
in case作短语连词，能引导状语从句。
就其词义和语法职能来分，可引导两种从句。
其一：in case ／just in case引导目的状语从句作“以免，以备，以防”等解。如：
I decided to stay at home just in case my friends came round． 我决定留在家里，以防朋友们不期而至。
39
其二：in case接条件从句，意为“如果、万一”。如：
In case we fail，we won't lose heart．万一我们失败，我们决不会失去信心。
in case of的of是介词，介词后面只能带名词性质的词，比如名词、代词等。意思和in case差不多，万一的意思 In case of rain they can't go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。）
例：1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it. A. in case B. in case of C. in order that D. for fear of
（答案：A）（2002年27题）
例：2、I?ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.
我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。
6.4.7、结果状语从句
常用so…that, such…that
例句：He got up late this morning, so that he missed the bus. so后面的中心词是形容词/副词 such后面的中心词是名词
例句：He is so clever that we all like him.=He is such a clever boy that we all like him.
如果名词前有many/much修饰，则用so there are so many people that...
such a +形容词+名词=so+形容词+a+名词 such a good student=so good a student
例：They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations. A. so diligent B. such diligent C. so much diligent D. such very diligent
（答案：B）（2002年43题） 7.主谓一致
40