三级语法讲义(4)

2020-02-22 12:43

C. did

D. must do

(答案:C)(1996年43题)

2、Don?t you think it is time you _____ smoking? A. give up B. gave up

C. would give up D. should give up

(答案:B)(1999年31题) ??5.非谓语动词

非谓语动词分三种,即:不定式,动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。

5.1动词不定式

考试重点:动词不定式的基本结构和用法(尤其是复合结构,否定式,被动式,完成式等。);stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别;remember,forget接不定式和动名词的区别;have sth done 和have sb do sth。

基本形式

一般式 完成式 进行式 主动形式 (not) to make (not) to be making 被动形式 (not) to be made (not) to have made (not) to have been made 1.不定式:有些动词后面必须得用不定式 Ask sb to do sth Order sb to do Persuade sb to do

*有些动词后面的不定式要省略“to”: Make, have, watch, hear, feel, let, see Help后面的不定式也可以省略to

The teacher made the students __A__ their book. A. open B. to open C. to be opened

但是请大家再记住:这些动词如果用在被动句中,则to还得用上。 The students are made to open their book.

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在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 5.1.1动词不定式的基本结构和用法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式, 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。 例:1、Good-bye , Mr. Wang. I’m pleased _____ you. A. to meet B .meeting

C. to have been meeting D. to be met

(答案:B)(1998年57题)

例:2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done

(答案为B: 道别时应该说be pleased meeting you或be pleased to have met you.其中,be pleased to have met you更常见。见面时应该才说be pleased to meet you。)(1996年44题) 5.1.2动词不定式的被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时(或动作的承受者时),不定式一般要用被动式。

例:1、The ability _____ is very important for any speaker. A. to hear clearly B. to be clearly heard C. to hearing clearly D. to being clearly heard

(答案:B。动词不定式的被动式。)(1999年39题)

例:2、Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating

(答案:A)(1995年22题)

5.1.3动词不定式的复合结构

如需指出不定式动作的发出者时(即逻辑主语时)要在不定式前用for加名词(或代词)表示。

例:1、It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish. A. of B. to C. with D. for

(答案:D)

例:2、It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.

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A. for you to hand in B. that you hand out C. your hand in

D. for your hand in (答案:A)

5.1.4动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

例:1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn?t seem _____ much education. A. to receive

B. to be receiving C. to have received

D. to have been received

(答案:C。表示发生在主要动词之前的动作,要用动词不定式的完成式。)(1997年45题)

例:2、The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now.

A. to translate

B. to have translate

C. to have been translated D. to be translated (答案:C)

5.1.5、stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别

动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情;不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。Stop doing表示停止正在做的事情,stop to do something 表示停下来去做另一件事情。Go on doing 表示继续干目前正在干的事情,go on to do something表示一件事做完后,又接着干另一件事情。还有一个词组go on with something,它表示的意思与go on doing something 一样。

例:1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____. A. on rest B. at rest C. resting D. to rest

(答案:D。“to rest”作目的状语,意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。)(1999年29题)

例:2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.

A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched (答案:C)

例:3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you

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intend to go on _____ like that? A. talking B. to talk

C. doing talking D. talk

(答案:A)

5.1.6、remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别

remember, forget + doing sth:表示动作发生在过去(记得/忘记以前所做的一件事)。

remember, forget +to do sth:表示动作尚未发生(记着/忘记去做某一件事情)。

Regret to do sth后悔去做某事

I regret to tell you that you have failed. Regret doing sth后悔做过某事 I regret having told him the fact.

例:1、Don?t forget _____ the window before leaving the room. A. to have closed B. to close

C. having closed D. closing

(答案:B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作)(2001年28题)

例:2、I remember giving the letter to him.

我记得把信给他了。(giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。)

5.1.7、have sth done 和 have sb do sth的用法

have sth done表示让别人替自己做某件事情,这件事情就是sth表示的内容。Have sb do sth表示让某人做某事。

例:1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.

A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging

(答案:C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。)(2002年50题)

例:2、I?ll _____ that I?m a qualified engineer.

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A. have you know B. have known you C. have you knowing D. have you know

(答案:A。表示让某人做某事。)(2003年25题)

??注:have sth done 有事也可以表示某事无法控制的发生了,这件事情并非出于主语的意愿。

例:1、Yesterday, I had my left leg broken when I was climbing the mountain.昨天在爬山时,我将左腿摔断了。 5.2动名词

考试重点:动名词的逻辑主语,完成式,被动式,否定式;动名词做介词的宾语,有时介词可省略;“to”的作用。 基本形式:

一般时 主动形式 doing 被动形式 being done 完成时 having done having been done 动名词:动词用作名词。 有些动词后面习惯用名词,如果是动词的话,则该动词要变为动名词形式(ing形式)。Avoid doing (避免做…) Appreciate doing (喜欢做…) Feel like doing 想要做

介词后面的动词一律用动名词形式。

Look forward to doing sth(这里的to不是不定式,而是一个介词,所以后面用了动名词)

在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。 5.2.1动名词的基本用法:

例:1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear

D. having been heard

(答案:B。appreciate后接动名词做宾语。)(1998年42题)

例:2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts.

A. not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not saying

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