1.4.1虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：
虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型 条件从句谓语动词形式 对现在虚拟 If+动词过去式（be用were而不用was） 对过去虚拟 If +had+过去分词 Would（第一人称可以用should）+动词原形 Would（第一人称可以用should）+have+过去分词 对将来虚拟 If+were to+动词原形 或If+should+动词原形
Would（第一人称可以用should）+动词原形 主句谓语动词形式
1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know
（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）
2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language? A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
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（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。） 3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came
（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题） 1.4.2、if的省略形式
如果将虚拟语气的标志if省略，则要将if后面的主谓倒装。 在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。
例：1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized
C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized
（答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。）（1996年39题） 例：2、_____, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us
（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（1997年30题） 1.4.3含蓄条件句
有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。 例：1、Without your help, we _____ so much. A. didn?t achieve
B. would not have achieved
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C. will not achieve D. don?t achieve
（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题） 例：2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday. A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had
（答案：B。2003年28题）
1.4.4、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与
现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。
I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。
I wish you would/could go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。
例：1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college. A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study
（答案：C）（2000年53题）
例：2、I didn?t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there. A. were B. would be C. had been
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D. will be
（答案：C）（2001年53题） ?1.4.5、?以as if，as though引导的从句
在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。
例：1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known
D. would have known
（答案：B。as if（though）从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。） 例：2、You are talking as if you had seen them
你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作）
1.4.6、would rather 后面的从句用虚拟语气
1.用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。
I?d rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下周六来。 2. 用过去完成时表示过去的愿望
I?d rather you hadn?t done that.我宁愿你没有这样做。
例：1、I?d _____ you didn?t touch that, if you don?t mind. A. rather B. better C. happier D. further
（答为案：A）（1998年45题）
例： 2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner. A. come
B. would come C. came
D. have come
（答案为C）（2002年46题）
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1.4.7以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。
例：1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had
B. would have C. have
D. was going to have
（答案：C）（1998年28题）
例：2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out. A. put on B. puts on C. to put
D. putting on
（答案：A）（1999年58题）
注：如果在句中出现的不是这些动词，而是这些动词的名词形势，那么在后面的同位语从句中仍然要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
例：It is a good suggestion that we come here at six p.m.
1.4.8、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。
例：1、It?s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week. A. comes B. will come C. come
D. may come
（答案：C）（1997年29题）
例：2、It?s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.
A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged
D. would be arranged
（答案：C）（2003年45题）
1.4.9、It is (high) time (that)…引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形，should不可以省略。优先使用过去式。 1、It?s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident. A. do
B. will do
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