山东科技大学毕业设计（论文）
蔗糖酯的合成研究
摘要
本文综述了蔗糖酯的合成方法及工艺的研究进展,并对其反应机理进行了阐述。包括蔗糖酯的合成工艺、纯化检测方法、工业用途和开发现状 ,最后还提出了蔗糖酯的研究开发设想。蔗糖酯的合成方法主要有四种:溶剂法、微乳化法、无溶剂法以及酶催化法。蔗糖酯是一种新型高效乳化剂和表面活性剂,在工业上具有广泛的用途。对蔗糖酯国内外的生产现状及其在工业上的应用进行了综述。
本法以脂肪酸甲酯和蔗糖为原料,一步反应合成脂肪酸蔗糖酯。反应产物可按所需的HLB值进行精制和分离,同时尚可副产单脂肪酸甘油酯。
以蔗糖、脂肪酸甲酯为原料, K2CO3为催化剂,甘油和丙酮为共溶剂，在均相状态下进行酯交换反应合成蔗糖酯。优化的工艺条件为:蔗糖∶脂肪酸甲酯(质量比)=1∶2、催化剂用量为6%、反应温度120℃、反应时间3h、反应压力≤690Pa,产率达到45%。
提纯以乙酸乙酯为萃取剂，在高温下分液，可将其与甘油分离。可采用多次萃取的方法来提高收率。 关键词：蔗糖酯，合成，提纯
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摘要
The Study of Synthesis of Sucrose
Esters
Abstract
This paper reviews the synthesis and procedure of sucrose esters, also presents its reaction mechanism. Such as synthetic method, method of purification and determination, industrial application and development situation. This paper also puts forward some research and development ideas of sucrose ester.There are mainly four ways to synthesize sucrose esters: solvent method, emulsification method, homogeneous non-solvent method and enzyme catalyst method. Sucrose esters (SE) are a kind of new type high efficiency emulsifier and surfactant. It has a wide use in industries. The development at home and abroad and the use in industries of SE are reviewed in the paper.
This process relates to a sucrose esters prepared by the derect reaction of sucrose with fatty acid methyl ester used as the raw material. The crude product can be purificated by desirable HLB valne; and monoglyceride of the fatty acid is obtained as by-product in the purification.
In this experiment, we use sucrose and fatty acid methyl ester as reactant, K2CO3 as catalyst, Glycerol and acetone as co-melting solvent, under the conditions of homogeneous liquation, the reaction of ester exchange is
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山东科技大学毕业设计（论文）
completed. The reaction product is sucrose ester. The best reaction condition is : the ratio of sucrose and fatty acid methyl ester(weight ratio)=1:2,catalyst is 6%, 6 reaction temperature is 120℃,reaction time is 3h,reaction pressure ≤690Pa. Productivity is 45%.
For synthesis we use ethyl acetate as extraction. Separate at high temperature, the ethyl acetate can be separated with glycerol. We can do this several times in order to raise the rate of refinement.
Keywords：Sucrose esters; synthesis; purification
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山东科技大学毕业设计（论文）
目录
1 文献综述 .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 概述 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 蔗糖酯的性质 ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 蔗糖酯的应用 ....................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 食品行业 ..................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 日用化工 ..................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 医药行业 ..................................................................................... 8 1.3.4 其他应用 ..................................................................................... 9 1.4 蔗糖酯的发展史 ................................................................................. 10
1.4.1 合成蔗糖酯的摇篮期 .............................................................. 10 1.4.2 蔗糖酯工业化生产的开创时期 .............................................. 11 1.4.3 合成蔗糖酯新法的发现及完善时期 ...................................... 12 1.5 现有蔗糖酯合成方法介绍 ................................................................. 15
1.5.1 合成蔗糖酯的反应原理 ........................................................... 15 1.5.2蔗糖酯的合成方法 ................................................................... 18 1.6 蔗糖酯的分离和精制方法介绍 ......................................................... 29
1.6.1 水化法合成蔗糖酯的纯化 ...................................................... 29 1.6.2 薄层色谱分析 ........................................................................... 31 1.6.3 均相溶剂法生产蔗糖酯的分析 ............................................... 31 1.7 本毕业设计的研究内容及意义 ......................................................... 32
2 实验部分 .................................................................................................. 33
2.1 实验准备 ............................................................................................. 33 2.2 甘油和丙酮的最佳用量配比的选择（溶解性实验） ..................... 34
2.2.1 实验过程 ................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 实验结果与讨论 ...................................................................... 36 2.3 蔗糖酯反应条件的优化和选择 ......................................................... 37
2.3.1 实验过程 .................................................................................. 37
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