5，look out of…从……朝外看（window，door……）look out at sth 向外眺望…… look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心
6，feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb do sth强调整个过程feel/ watch/ see/ hear sb doing sth强调动作正在进行 7，so +adj +that +结果状语从句―如此……以致……‖ eg：I was so busy that I didn’t go to sleep for 3 days.
The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home. The coat is so expensive that I don’t want to buy it. so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to） eg：They got up early so that they could catch the early bus. I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.
2017初中英语语法汇总
八年级上册
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
1, look+adj. 看起来……seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……taste + adj. 尝起来…
2, nothing…but+动词原形除了…之外什么都没有Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ 3, so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点到达某地 4,tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 5, try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 6, forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 7, dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事want to do sth. 想去做某事
8, start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 9. something interesting有趣的东西
1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。
somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。 somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后；something special; somewhere wonderful. 3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中 anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。 如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）
Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议） 10.提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 11. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是―到达―的意思
get to+地点=reach+地点=arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大） 注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。 12.nothing...but...意为―除......之外；只有‖，如：
I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 13. feel like意为：―感受到；摸起来‖，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：
I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为―想做某事‖。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。
14.enjoy doing sth .喜欢做…;乐意做…
enjoy oneself 过得愉快=have fun/have a good time.
15, I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的 16, wonder (n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情(v) 惊讶感到疑惑；想知道 17, few与little 的区别： 肯定 否定 许多 可数 a few few quite a few/not a few 不可数 a little little quite a little/ not a little 18, seem意为―好像；似乎；看来‖，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：
seem to do sth. 好像做某事如： They seem to wait for you..他们似乎在等你。
seem（to be）+adj. 似乎...... 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 从句似乎...... 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像...）;smell （闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）
19, bored (adj)，意为―感到厌倦的、无聊的‖,其主语是某人；boring(adj)，意为―令人厌倦的、无聊的‖其主语是某物。如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。 相类似的词语还有: interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised
interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising
20. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
1）because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job.因为工作的原因我不得不搬家because +从句如：I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
2）below意为―在......下面;低于‖，其反义词为 above，意为―在......上面；高于‖ 21.形容词/副词＋enough 如：wet/quietly enough 足够漂亮 enough ＋名词 如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞 (形/副)＋enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。
同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)
She is so young that she can’t go to school.
22, so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that...
so that 从句：结果…（为了）如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus. 23. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
1. What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？2.How about…? ...怎么样？/…好不好？ 3.It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。4.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 5.by doing sth. 通过做某事 6.spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
7.How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？…有多少…? 8.主语+find+that从句. …发现… 9. exercise （v/n）的用法 1）（动）:锻炼. 如：He exercises every day.
2) (可数名词)：―...操;练习‖.如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises 3)(不可数名词):―锻炼;运动‖讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends. 10. ----How often do you usually go shopping?
—Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.
11.hard硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer努力地；猛烈地study/rain hard 12.how often表示―多久一次‖，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：
频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week
every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）
注意：表示―一次或两次‖时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)
而表示―三次或以上‖时，则用―数词＋times‖结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)
13.由how构成的疑问词组的用法
how many+ 可数名词复数如：how many programs how much+不可数名词如：how much coffee
但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有―多少钱‖的意思如：How much are those pants? how many times: ―多少次‖. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等 How old...? 询问年龄如：How old are you? I am five.
How long….?多久(时间) 常用for two days，for three hours等回答。 How long...?多长（某物的长度）如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.
how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。
14．She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
(1）be good for：―对……有好处‖。如：Doing exercise is good for our health. （2）be good at：―擅长于……‖ 如：He is good at playing football. (3) be good to sb./sth: ―对……好‖ 如：The old woman is good to us. (4) be good to do sth.: ―适合；宜于‖ 如：The water is good to drink.
(5) be good with: ―与……相处好‖ 如： The teacher is good with his students. 15. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康 16.ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如：ask teacher for help 17.You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. spend度过（时间）如：spend the weekend with family spend花费（时间、钱）如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.The magazine cost him 20 yuan.
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
1.have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣2.make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 3.as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样……
4.It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。 5. 形容词和副词的比较级
一、含义?. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best ?. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。
?. 加more/most ~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv. ?. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big-bigger/biggest hot-hotter/hottest fat-fatter/fattest thin-thinner/thinnest red-redder/reddest wet-wetter/wettest sad-sadder/saddest 二．比较级基本句型：
连系动词+ adj.（比较级）如： Lucy is slower than Lily. ?．主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比较级）+ than+ 对比成分
实义动词+ adv./（比较级）如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.
?. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair) ?．同级比较级： … as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: ―如同…一样…‖
同级比较级否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: ―不如……一样……‖ ?．比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越…… e.g.They talked more and more loudly.
?. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越… The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be. ?. ―Which / Who is + 比较级，A or B？‖ e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? ?. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个 Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .
6.常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词. e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk．
The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing. 7. 比较级前可用―数词+名词‖ 表示确定的度量。
e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one. 注意：?. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。
?. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用. ?. than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do). 8. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。 讲述： tell a story/lie/joke.
1). tell 告诉： tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins?
2).though意为―然而；但是‖，表示转折关系，常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、 句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win 9．They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后） You are both too young. They both speak English. Both of …..+名词复数如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。 both…and… 两者都…… 反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……
注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上） 10.Atrue friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。 到达：reach /arrive at /get to the school 伸手去拿：reach ( out one’s hand) for sth. 与…取得联系：How can I reach you?
延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。 (v)接触；触摸：Don’t touch the paint!请勿触油漆!
触动；感动 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。 (n)接触；联系: keep in /losetouch with sb. 与...保持失去联系
get in touch with sb. 与...取得联系
11. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样如：His words make us happy. 12. It’s not easy for me to make friends.(make friends with sb. 与...交朋友)
It’s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语)
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? 1.one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一 2.形容词和副词的最高级
一、含义?. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级: badly – worse - worst ?. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。 二．最高级基本句型结构
系动词+ the+adj.(最高级)of + 同类 ( of all/us..) ?. 主语+ 谓语动词+ the + adj./adv.(最高级) +
实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最高级）in + 范围 (in China...)
如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 ―the‖：如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适 ?. 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加―the‖：my best friend ?. Which / Who …+the + 最高级…, A, B or C ?
e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? ?. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： ―最…之一‖。 e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. ?. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. ?. This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：
e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。 ?. a+最高级（形）+名（单） : 表示―非常‖。e.g. Spring is a best season.
3. That’s up to you to decide. 那由你决定。 be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定 be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合如：He isn’t up to watching the flowers. 4.What’up?= What’ wrong?= What’s the matter? 怎么哪？
5.what’s more: 另外；还有 6.what’s worse: 更糟糕的是
7．How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今为止；到现在为止 同义句：?. How is the neighborhood? ?. What do you think of the neighborhood?
?. How do you feel about the neighborhood?
8. Thanks for telling me. thanks(n):感谢如：many thanks = Thank you very much. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事 9. No problem. 1). 不客气；（回答感谢） 2）、没关系（回答道歉）3). 没问题（回答请求）
10．--How far is it from your home to the school? --- 10 minutes by bus. 乘车十分钟的路程。 11. watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb.do sth. ( 经常或已发生)
watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb.doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生) 如：I often hear her sing.(经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生)
I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生) 12. 全世界： around the world = in the world = all over the world. 13. The cinema is the closest to my home. 电影院离我家最近。
close(v):关闭；封闭 close the door/road. closed(adj):关闭的；不公开的 (adj): 近的；接近的 He is close to success. 他快要成功了。 亲密的；密切的 my close friend 我亲密的朋友。
(adv): 接近；靠近He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。 14.poor 贫穷的；可怜的如: She is such a poor girl that she can’t buy a toy.
糟糕的；质量差的如: I’m poor in English. He is in poor health.
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?
1.let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 2.plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事
3.hope to do sth.希望做某 4.happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 5.expect to do sth.盼望做某事 6.be ready to do sth.乐于做某事
7.How about doing…?做……怎么样？ 8.try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事 9.plan (n)计划：make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做…
make a plan for sth. 为…制定计划如: make a plan for your trip.
(v) 计划;打算：plan (to do) sth 如: plan (to have) a trip (planning; planned)
10.stand站立：stand up 代表: stand for sth. Our flag stands for our country.
容忍（否）: can’t stand (doing) sth. 如: I can’t stand telling lies.
11. --- What do you think of soap operas? --- I don’t mind them.
1).think of认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms[?s?tk?m]情景喜剧.