priortothePleistocene
C.citeevidencesuggestingthatdwarfingmayhaveadverseconsequencesforsomespecieslivingonislands
D.presentsomepossibleexplanationsforthedwarfingofcertainspecieslivingonislands
E.contrasttheeffectsofinsularconditionsonspecieswithlargebodysizeandspecieswithsmallbody
2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbodysizeinmammalsistrue?
A.Alargebodyisunfavorabletomammalianspecies’survivalundermostconditions.
B.Alargebodytendstobenefitsmallmammalslivingonislands.
C.Formostherbivorousmammals,alargebodysizeiseasiertosustainintheabsenceoflargepredators.
D.Undermostconditions,asmallbodyislessbeneficialtoherbivorousmammalsthantononherbivorousmammals.
E.Amongnonherbivorousmammals,asmallbodyismorebeneficialonanislandthanonamainland.
答案：DB
Passage7
Intheearlytwentiethcentury,smallmagazinesandtheinnovativegraphicsusedonthemcreatedthefaceoftheavant-guard.Itwasalookthatsignaledprogressiveideasandunconventionalitybecauseitdispensedwiththecardinalruleofgraphicdesign:totakeanideaandmakeitvisuallyclear,concise,andinstantlyunderstood.Instead,graphicsproducedbyavant-guardartistsexclusivelyfortheavant-guard(asopposedtotheiradvertisingwork)wereusuallydifficulttodecipher,ambiguous,ornonsensical.Thisoverturningofconvention,thisassailingofstandardgraphicandtypographicformats,waspartofasearchforintellectualfreedom.Theimpulsetowardliberationenabledavant-guardiststoseewithfresheyesuntriedpossibilitiesforarrangingandrelatingwordsandimagesonpaper.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarypurposeofconventionalgraphicdesignisto
A.renderunpopularideaspalatabletoawideraudienceB.capturereaders’attentionwithboldfonts
C.communicatenonsensicalnotionstoawidepublic
D.communicateideasasefficientlyandunambiguouslyaspossibleE.introducepreviouslyunknownideastothegeneralpublic
Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.
62.Accordingtothepassage,avant-guardartistsoftheearlytwentieth-centurycreatedambiguousornonsensicalgraphicsaspartofanattemptto
A.expandthepotentialforexpressionthroughvisualartB.competewithadvertisementsforreader’sattentionC.encouragetheexpansionofsmallmagazines
答案：DA
Passage8
AccordingtoHillandSpicer,theterm“nation-state”isamisnomer,sincetheidealmodelofamonolingual,culturallyhomogeneousstatehasneverexisted,notevenamongEuropeans,whoinventedthenation-stateconceptandintroducedittotherestoftheworld.ModernEuropeanstates,theyargue,emergedaftertheRenaissancethroughtheriseofnations(i.e.,specificethnicgroups)topositionsofpoliticalandeconomicdominanceoveranumberofotherethnicgroupswithintheboundedpoliticalterritories.Theterm“nation-state”,HillandSpicerargue,obscurestheinternalculturalandlinguisticdiversityofstatesthatcouldmoreaccuratelybecalled“conqueststates.”Theresurgenceofmultipleethnicgroupswithinasinglestate,Hillsays,isnot“potentiallythreatingtothesovereignjurisdictionofthestate,”asUrbanandSherzersuggest;rather,theassertionofculturaldifferencesthreatenstorevealethnocentricbeliefsandpracticesuponwhichconqueststateswerehistoricallyfoundedandthustoopenupthepossibilityfora“nations-state”inwhichconqueredethnicgroupsenjoyequalrightswiththeconqueringethnicgroupbutdonotfacethethreatofpersecutionorculturalassimilationintothedominantethnicgroup.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
A.discussissuesrelatingtoaformofpoliticalorganizationbyraisingdoubtsabouttheterminologyusedtorefertoit
B.tracechangesinaformofpoliticalorganizationbyexaminingtheevolutionoftheterminologyusedtoreferto
C.justifythecontinueduseofanestablishedtermforanevolvingformofpoliticalorganization
D.questiontheaccuracyofanewtermforaformofpoliticalorganization
E.comparetwotermsforaformofpoliticalorganization
2.TheauthorofthepassagequotesUrbanandSherzermostprobablyinorderto
A.introduceadiscussionofthelegalramificationsofexpandingthenation-stateconcept
B.summarizeaclaimaboutonepossibleeffectofassertingcultural
7differenceswithinastate
C.shiftthefocusofdiscussionfrominternalthreatsthatstatesfacetoexternalthreatsthattheyface
D.pointoutsimilaritiesbetweenthethreatstostatesseenbyUrbanandSherzerandthoseseenbyHill
E.describeonewayanethnocentricpracticehasaffectedattemptstoassertculturaldifferenceswithinastate
3.Accordingtothepassage,HillandSpicerdefinenationsaswhichofthefollowing?
A.coalitionsofdistinctethnicgroupswithsimilarconcernsB.Distinctethnicgroups
C.CulturallyhomogeneousstatesD.LinguisticallydiversestatesE.Territoriallyboundedstates
答案：ABB
Passage9
From1910to1913,womensuffragistsintheUnitedStatesorganizedannualparades—activitytraditionallyconductedbymentoproclaimsolidarityinsomecause—notonlyasapublicexpressionofsuffragistsolidaritybutalsoaconscioustransgressionoftherulesofsocialorder:women’sverypresenceinthestreetschallengedtraditionalnotionsoffemininityandrestrictionsonwomen’sconduct.Whilerecognizingtheparade’srhetoricalforceasavehicleforsocialchange,scholarshaverecentlybeguntoexamineitsdrawbacksasaformofprotest.LumsdencharacterizestheAmericansuffrageparadeasa“double-edgedsword”,arguingthatwomen’seffortstoproclaimtheirsolidarityleftthemopentopatronizingcommentaryfrompressandpublicandtoorganizedoppositionfromantisuffragists.
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmen’sandwomen’sparadesweresimilarinthatboth
A.wereemployedasrhetoricalvehiclesforsocialchange
B.wereregardedasviolatingcontemporarystandardsofpublicdecorum
C.madeparticipantsvulnerabletoorganizedoppositionD.werelargelyineffectiveasformsofprotest
E.wereintendedbytheirparticipantsaspublicdeclarationsofsolidarity
2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutproponentsofthe“rulesofsocialorder?”
A.Theyfrowneduponpublicdisplayssuchasparades.
B.Theyhadulteriormotivesforobjectingtowomen’sparticipationin
8suffrageparades.
C.Theyformedthecoreoftheorganizedoppositiontowomensuffrage.
D.Theybelievedthatitwasunfeminineforwomentomarchinsuffrageparades.
E.Theysupportedwomen’srightstovotebutdisapprovesomeofthemethodsthatsuffragistsemployedtogainthatright.
答案：ED
Passage10
UnlikemostJaneAustenscholarshipbefore1980,muchrecentscholarshipanalyzesthenovelsofAusten,wholivedfrom1775to1817,inthecontextofAusten’stumultuoustimes,whichsawtheFrenchandAmericanrevolutionsandtheNapoleonicWars.YetFrantznotesanotherrevolution,rarelymentionedinAustenscholarship:theGreatMasculineRenunciationthatalteredconventionsinmen’sdressandbehavior.Duringthelatereighteenthcentury,wealthygentlemenexchangedthevelvetsandsatinslonginfashionforsomberwoolensuits.Frantzcontendsthatthischangereflecteddeeperculturalchanges.Thevalueonceplacedonmen’sexpressiveness,reflectedinMackenzie’snovelTheManofFeeling(1771),gavewaytoapreferenceforemotionalrestraint.InAusten’snovels,theheroineoftenstrugglestoglimpsethetruenatureofherobeneathhisreservedexterior.
1.TheauthorofthepassagementionsTheManofFeeling(1771)inorderto
A.contrastMackenzie’sreasonsforwritingnovelswiththoseofAusten
B.introduceevidenceregardingtheinfluenceofparticularwritersonAusten
C.corroborateaclaimthataconventionofmasculinebehaviorchangedduringAusten’slifetime
D.suggestthatAusten’snovelsweremorereflectiveoftheirhistoricalcontextthanMackenzie’shadbeen
E.challengeaparticularmisconceptionaboutthemodesofbehaviorcommonamonggentlemeninthelatereighteenthcentury
2.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutscholarshiponJaneAusten?
A.Muchrecentscholarshiphasbeguntoplacegreateremphasisongenderconventionsgoverningmen’sbehaviorduringAusten’slifetime.
B.SomescholarshiphasdebatedwhetherAusten’snovelsdepictemotionalrestraintasanadmiralquality.
9C.CertainscholarsarguethatAusten’snovelsdonotaccuratelyreflectculturalchangesduringAusten’slifetimethatchangedthewaygentlemendressedandbehaved.
D.After1980,scholarshiponAustenshiftedtowardagreateremphasisonthehistoricalcontextinwhichshewrote.
E.Withfewexceptions,recentscholarshipdepictsAustenasawriterwhohadlittleinterestinthetumultuouseventsofhertime.
答案：CD
Passage11
WhereasCarlosBulosanaimedthroughfictionandpersonaltestimonytoadvancebothFilipinocivilrightsintheUnitedStatesandthesocialtransformationofthePhilippines,YenLeEspirituhassetherselfthetaskofrecoveringlifehistoriesofFilipinoAmericans.HerworkbringsFilipinoAmericansofthegenerationfollowingthe1934-1965immigrationhiatusgraphicallytolife.AspecialstrengthistherepresentationofFilipinoAmericanwomen,whowerescarceamongimmigrantsbeforethe1934AmericancurbonFilipinoimmigrationbutcomposedmorethanhalfoftheimmigrantstoAmericasinceliberalizationin1965.Espiritu’ssubjectsdocumenttheirchangingsenseofFilipinoidentityintheUnitedStates,muchasBulosandidasamemberofthefirstsubstantialwaveofimmigrants.
1.Accordingtothepassage,bothBulosanandEspiritudowhichofthefollowingintheirwork?
A.ConsidergenerationaldifferencesinFilipinoimmigrants’responsestolifeintheUnitedStates
B.AttempttomakeallowanceforthedemographicvariationsamongFilipinoimmigrantstotheUnitedStates
C.EmployfictioninadditiontodocumentingactuallifehistoriesofFilipinoimmigrantstotheUnitedStates
D.RepresenthowlifeintheUnitedStateshasaffectedimmigrants’senseofFilipinoidentity
E.ExaminetheeffectsonFilipinosintheUnitedStatesofthe1934AmericancurbonFilipinoimmigration
2.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“graphically”mostnearlymeansA.inwriting
B.bymeansofdrawingC.impressionisticallyD.diagrammaticallyE.vividly
答案：DE
10