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否定句：You ought not =(oughtn’t) to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。 疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try？我们该给他机会试一试? ③与完成时连用
should/ought to have done sth.本应该做……(而实际没做)
We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。 shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth.本不应该做……(而实际做了) They oughtn’t to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。 · 同步练习 ·
1．Four______ of students took part in the sports meeting.
A .hundred B .hurdreds C .score D .scores 2．He made the suggestion ________ the form of a question.
A .with B .by C .on D .in 3．——Your English is very good.——__________
A .Thank you. I?m glad you think so. B .No, my English is very poor. C .Is that true? D .Don?t you think so? 4．Our home is always _______ love and understanding.
A .rich for B .rich in C .high with D .high by 5．I hope you?ll forget all the unhappiness I have _____you.
A .caused B .given C .offered D .handed 6．——Why don?t we go and play football? ——___________. A .Yes, I think so B.I can play football C .It?s a good game D .That?s a good idea 7．What is the matter_______ the tape－recorder?
A .about B .for C .from D .with 8．You_____ better________the thing to be done. A .had; not to cause B .had; not cause
C .hadn?t; cause D .hadn?t; causing 9．The doctor advises that the patient_______more exercise. A .take B .takes C .will take D .to take 10．Do about nine children_____ ten like eating sweets?
A .from B .in C .among D .between 11．She was too excited to fall______last night.
A .sleep B .asleep C .sleepy D .sleeping
12．——I?m not feeling well. ——I?m not_____. I advise you_______. A .surprising; to lose weight B .surprised; will lose weight C .surprised; to lose weight D .surprising; losing weight 13．In winter we see water fall______of snow.
A .instead B .in the form C .in front D .in drops 14．He was lucky enough not to be hurt______ in the accident. A .a bit B .a little C .any D .very
15．The reason_____he is absent from school is _____ he was badly hurt while riding. A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as
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参考答案 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B
9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B
· 课外阅读 ·
The Wolf and the Lamb
WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:\last year you grossly insulted me.\\\food and drink to me.\even though you refute every one of my imputations.\ The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.
狼与小羊
一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被 你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放
过 你。”
这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。
The Bat and the Weasels
A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠与黄鼠狼
蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨 鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼 住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。
这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。
Unit14 Festivals
· 英语小窍门 · 十二条经典英语谚语
1. Pain past is pleasure. (过去的痛苦就是快乐。)
2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. (脑中有知识，胜过手有金钱。) 3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成。) 4. All things are difficult before they are easy. (凡事必先难后易。) 5. Great hopes make great man. (伟大的理想造就伟大的人。)
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6. God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者。)
7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little, bit more. (四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！) [比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂，多一点点就能创造奇迹！]
8. In doing we learn. (实践长才干。) 9. East or west, home is best. (东好西好，还是家里最好。)
10. Two heads are better than one. (三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。) 11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut. (行路有良伴就是捷径。) 12. Constant dropping wears the stone. (滴水穿石) · 重点词汇解析 · 1. hono(u)r vt. (1)尊敬
e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子应该尊敬父母。 (2)对……表示敬意
e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了纪念他 (3)使感到荣幸
e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在一起这是我们的荣幸。 I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。 honour n.
(1)荣誉，光荣(不可数名词)
e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他们为祖国的荣誉而战。 (2)(高尚)人格，信誉(不可数名词)
A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way. 一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。 (3)尊敬，敬重(不可数)
e. g. One must show honour to one’s parents. 一个人必须尊敬父母。 (4)使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸(可数，多作单数) e. g. It’s an honour to meet you. 见到你十分荣幸。
比较：in honour of 为了(纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动)
e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。 A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 为了纪念他而举行纪念会。 have the honour (of)有幸……, 荣幸地
e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner？我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？ 2. determine vt. (1)决定
e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。
Can we now determine the date for our party? 我们现在能决定派对的日期吗？ (2)决心，决意，决定(作某事)，(用过去分词)决心，下定决心 determine+不定式to do
e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决心就在那个下午走。 determine+从句
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He had been determined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。 determined 过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决 e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing. 他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。 determination n. (1)决心(不可数)
e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。 (2)决定(不可数，间或加不定冠词)
e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩决定逃学。 self-determination n. 自主，自我决定 3. purpose n. 目的，意图，目标
e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做这件事的目的是什么？ 比较：for…purpose为了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意 e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you. 如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。
I’ve come on purpose to speak to you. 我来是特意要与你谈谈。 She did it on purpose. 她是故意那样做。 4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示
e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打电话。 remind v. 使……想起，提醒
(1)+ of短语 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had. 你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。
(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 请提醒我写信。 (3)+从句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。 5.compare v.
(1)compare … with…比较，指同类事物的具体比较
e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities. 比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。
Parents like to compare their own children with other children. 父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。 (2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同类事物的抽象比较
e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。 People often compare girls to flowers. 人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。
(3) compared to/ with…与……比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。 It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now. 和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。 6. 表示穿着的动词
(1)put on 表示穿上的动作
e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。
(2) wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。
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e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的人。
(3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth.
e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。 (4) have on表示穿着状态，无进行时。
e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件红裙子。 (5)be in sth. 表示状态
e. g. He’s in plain clothes. 他身着便装。
What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服？ 7. light的用法
(1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，浅色的(=pale)
e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房间又亮又通风。 It gets light at about six o’clock. 六点左右天亮。 She has a light green dress. 她有一条淡绿色的裙子。
(2)n.①光线，亮光(不可数)，但如表示一种光线时，尤其是被形容词修饰时，前可加不定冠词。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱的蓝光。
②灯，灯光，发光物，引火物(可数)
e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 没有一个办公室里有灯光。 (3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted)
①点燃(生炉子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。 ②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被灯光照亮。 ③(使)变得亮起来，开朗起来
e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时，她的脸亮了起来。 Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。 (4)light up动词短语
①照亮，点亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道。 ②(使)容光焕发，春风满面 (指人的面部表情)
e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.当她听到好消息时，脸上露出喜色。 注意：light的过去分词有两种: lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时，用lighted。 e. g. a lighted candle 一支点着的蜡烛。
8 .common用法及common, usual, ordinary, general区别 (1)common
①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英语是他们的共同语言。 ②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 没有比此更普通的。 ③常见的，到处可见的e. g. Is this word in common use? 这个字常用吗？
④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我们有许多共同之处。 (2) common, general, ordinary, usual区别
common侧重―普通‖，表示―时时发生，人所共有‖，并含有―并不高贵，地位低下‖之意，指符合或具有全体共有的特征，其反义词为rare。
e. g. a common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同的愿望 common sense 常识common knowledge 普通知识
This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English.
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