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rather可与比较级和too +形容词/副词连用，quite只能与better连用。
e. g. This book is rather too difficult for the juniors.这本书对低年级的学生来说太难了。 Today I feel quite better. 今天我感到好多了。
This room is rather larger than we want.这个房间比我们需要的大了不少。 quite同没有程度差别的形容词连用时，一般作―完全地‖―绝对地‖。
e. g. She was quite alone. 她非常孤单。It’ s quite impossible. 这绝不可能。
4. Whatever the trick is, if a person is taken in, he or she is called “April Fool”! 不管是什么把戏，如果一个人上当了，他或她就被称作“四月傻子”。
(1) whatever
①= no matter what 无论是什么，不管什么，在句中作状语。
e. g. Whatever happens, we will not change our plan.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变计划。No matter what you want to do, above all, you should obey the law. 不管你想干什么，首先，你必须守法。
② = anything that任何事/东西，在句中起名词作用，引导名词性从句。 e. g. You can take whatever you like.= You can take anything that you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西。 (2)take in
①欺骗，哄骗，使上当
e. g. We were completely taken in by his story. 我们完全被他的故事骗了。 ②理解，领会，明白
e. g. The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.课太难了，学生难以领会。 ③接受(房客，客人等)，让……在家居住(食宿)，收留
e. g. The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.农夫让迷路的旅行者在家过夜。
④包括，涉及e. g. The study of physics takes in many different subjects.物理学涉及许多学科。(3)take up
①开始学习，开始做(某项工作)
e. g. What is your son taking up in college? 你儿子在大学学习什么？ ②从事某项活动，发展某种爱好
e. g. At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.六十岁时他开始学俄语。
③占用，占掉(时间，空间)e. g. The meeting took up the whole morning. 会议占了整个上午。④接受e. g. Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 你想接受他提供的工作吗？ ⑤吸起(墨水，灰尘等)e. g. Plants take up water. 植物吸水。
· 语法精讲 ·
must用法
1. must表示主观上的“必须”。
e. g. You must do what you want to. 你必须做你想做的事。注意对其问句的回答方式： e. g. —Must I go now? 我必须现在走吗？—Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 —No, you needn’t. / you don’t have to. 不，你不必。
You needn’t do what you don’t want to. 你不必做你不愿意的事。 其否定形式mustn’t表示―绝对不可‖―不许‖，无肯定句和疑问句。
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e. g. You mustn’t smoke in this part of the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院的这部分吸烟。
区别：have to表示客观上的“不得不”，其否定式don’t have to相当于needn’t, 表示“不必”。
e. g. We can’t travel through the forest by car, because there aren’t any roads. So we have to travel by air or boat.我们不能坐车穿过森林，因为没有路。所以我们只能乘飞机或乘船。
You don’t have to do what you don’t want to.你不一定非得做你不愿意做的事情。 have got to相当于have to, 多用于美式英语中。
也可以用 haven’t got to或 be not obliged to来代替not have to。
· 同步练习 ·
1. --____? --I’ve got a bad cough.
A. How do you do. B. What do you feel like C. What does it matter D. What’s the matter 2. I’ve got ____work to do on a____cold day.
A. much too; much too B. too much; too much C. too much; much too D. much too; too much 3. Swan Lake is a famous ballet in for acts ____ on a German fairy tale. A. basing B. based C. bases D. to base
4. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They ____ be ready by12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need
5. I advised you____drink water that isn’t____any more.
A. not; boiled B. not to; boiling C. not; boiling D. not to; boiled 6. –What did Mary have____breakfast this morning? --She was late for school and hurried off____breakfast. A. for; without B. at; without C. for; after D. at; after
7. After I had been in bed for two days, Mother ____ going to see a doctor art once. A. stopped B. agreed C. suggested D. made
8. On National Day, people sing and dance to____ the birth of our country. A. congratulate B. celebrate C. greet D. salute
9. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ____ wait until the rain stops. A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to
10. Do you know when the ____ song of the Beijing Olymp9ics will be chosen? A. subject B. title C. topic D. theme
11. Sometimes I really wonder how I could make friends with a man who has little____with me. A. in ordinary B. in common C. the same D. in similar
12. Don’t let yourself be taken ____ by these politicians.They are always lying. A. up B. over C. away D. in
13. We expected him to do a little research work____ make a lot of experiments. A. as much as B. as long as C. as well as D. as far as
14. ____ seems to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the car we need. A. It B. There C. That D. This
15. The boys are always playing ____ Carl. They hide his hat, steal his books, etc. A. a joke in B. a role on C. games with D. tricks on 参考答案
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1-5 DCBBD 6-10 ACBDD 11-15 BDCBD
· 课外阅读 ·
英国的酒吧文化
Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub. But these friendly hostelries can be minefields of potential gaffes for the uninitiated.
An anthropologist and a team of researchers have unveiled some of the arcane rituals of British pubs--starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters--you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.
Pub culture is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely appropriate and rea1ly quite normal behaviour. \to the Pub: The Tourists' Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers' code of conduct for those wanting to sample \central part of British life and culture\fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks. Nothing irritates the regular customers and bar staff more than a gang of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and dither about what to order.
British Pub Culture
访问英国的人会发现传统英国酒吧是最能领略当地文化的地方。但对于初来乍到的异国人来说，这些友善的酒吧却犹如潜藏着有惹事危险的\地雷区\。
一位人类学家和一组研究人员揭示了某些鲜为人知的英国酒吧文化。人们首先遇到的困难是从买酒开始的。大多数英国酒吧都没有酒保，你得到吧台去买酒。一伙意大利年轻人等了三刻钟才明白他们得自己去买。这听上去似乎让人觉得不方便，可却有它深刻的内涵。
在因其冷漠而出名的英国社会里，酒吧文化的形成是为了促进社会交往。排队的时候可以和其他等待买酒的人交谈。在英伦诸岛上，和陌生人亲切地交谈被认为是完全适宜的正常行为的唯一场所可能就是吧台了?你如果没去过酒吧，那就等于没有到过英国。\这个忠告可在名为《酒吧护照：旅游者酒吧仪俗指南》的小册子中找到，它对那些想要领略\英国生活和文化核心部分\的人是一种行为准则。问题是如果你不入乡随俗的话，你将一无所获。譬如说，你们若是团体前往，那最好是一个或两个人前去买酒。酒吧常客和酒保最腻味的就是一大伙人一边聊着一边又优柔寡断不知喝什么酒好，把通往吧台的路给堵住。
Unit15
The necklace
· 英语小窍门 ·
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. recognize v.
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(1)识别，认出 = know and remember sb. or sth. one has seen before, 强调从外表上辨认出，指一时性的动作。know是状态性动词，表示知道有这个人并认识他, 在一定程度上还对他有所了解，指长久性的一种情况。
e. g. I recognized his voice over the phone.我在电话里听出他的声音了。
注意: 不能说I recognized him ten years ago. 或I knew him ten years ago.而要说I got to know him ten years ago. 我是十年前开始认识他的。
(2)承认，认可 = accept as being lawful, real, or having value
e. g. They recognized the new government. 他们承认了那个新政府。
That’s a recognized method of teaching English.那是一种得到认可的英语教学法。 (3)意识到，自认 = be ready/ prepared to admit，后接that从句。 e. g. After the accident, he recognized that he was not fit for the work. 事故发生后，他认识到不能胜任这项工作。
2. jewelry n. 珠宝，珠宝类，集合名词，不可数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 jewel n. 珠宝，首饰，可数
e. g. a piece of jewelry一件珠宝 some jewels几件珠宝
We buy jewelry from a jeweller’s shop. 我们在珠宝店买珠宝。 3. continue v. 继续
(1) continue to do sth. /continue doing sth.
e. gThey continued to walk/walking until they reached the town.他们不停地走，一直走到镇上。 How long will you continue working/to work? 你将继续工作多久？ (2)continue with sth. = go on with sth.
e. g. He continued with his story. 他继续讲故事。 (3)作不及物动词
e. g. The hot weather continued for a month. 炎热的天气持续了一个月。 (4)作系动词，相当于remain
e. g. The whole class continued silent. 全班继续保持沉默。 4. marry v. 与……结婚，娶，嫁 (1)作不及物动词
e. g. The scientist didn’t marry until forty. 那位科学家到四十岁才结婚。 He married young. 他早婚。 (2) 作及物动词，需要宾语
e. g. Alice married a Frenchman. 爱丽丝嫁给了一个法国人。
(3) marry和get married都是非延续性动词，强调动作，因此不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；表示结婚已有一段时间应该用be married强调状态。
e. g. Is Jack married? 杰克结婚了吗？He got married to Mary last year. 他去年和玛丽结婚。 5. worth adj. 值得，值(多少钱) (1) (be) worth + n. /doing sth.
e. g. The necklace is worth 300 dollars. 这条项链值300美元。
His suggestion is worth consideration/ considering. 他的建议值得考虑。 注意：表示“很值得”时前面加well修饰。
e. g. The article is well worth reading. 那篇文章很值得一读。 (2)worthless = valueless 毫无价值
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invaluable = priceless非常贵重，无价之宝
比较：worthy adj. 值得， (be) worthy of + n. / do/ being done, (be) worthy to/be done。 e. g. The museum is worthy of being visited/ to be visited.
His suggestion is worthy of being considered/ to be considered. 6. on的用法
(1) …it looked wonderful on you. (项链)戴在你身上真是太好看了。 on介词，―附着在……上‖
e. g. She had a red hat on her head. 她的头上戴着一顶红帽子。 Have you got a match on you? 你身边带火柴了吗？
(2) There’s a light on in Dr. Baker’s office. 贝克医生的办公室里亮着灯。 on在发生(或活动着)，起着作用
e. g. What’s on at that theatre? 剧场上演着什么戏？ The battle against drought was on. 抗旱斗争在继续。 Is there anything on tomorrow? 明天有什么事吗？
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. at (the) most最多，至多，反义词是 at (the) least至少，最少 e. g. I can pay only 20 pounds at the most. 我最多只能付20英镑。 The repairs will cost at least 100 dollars. 修理费至少要100美元。 2. come up with 提出
e. g. For years he kept coming up with new and good ideas. 几年来他不断地提出新的、好的想法。
比较：come up to达到(愿望，标准等)，赶(比)得上
e. g. Your work didn’t come up to what I expected of you.你的工作没有达到我的期望。 His work didn’t come up to that of his brother. 他的工作赶不上他哥哥的。 come up for参加(竞选)
e. g. Mayor Jones comes up for election this fall. 琼斯市长参加今年秋天的竞选。 come up against遭到(困难，反对等)，和……相抵触
e. g. Not for the first time she will come up against her husband’s opinions. 她将不止一次遭到丈夫的反对。 3.in all总共
e. g. How many people were there in all at the party? 出席聚会的共有多少人？
at all用于否定句，―根本不‖，加强语气。e. g. He wasn’t at all tired. 他根本不累。
above all首先，最重要的e. g. A teacher, above all, should know how to deal with the problems taking place in class correctly.一个教师首先应知道怎样处理课堂上发生的问题。
4.try on试穿
Try on the dress, and you will know if it fits you.试穿一下这条裙子，你就会知道它合不合适。 Never buy shoes without trying them on first. 鞋子不先试穿就不要买。 比较：put on穿上
e. g. She put on the skirt and looked more beautiful in it.她穿上裙子，显得更漂亮了。 pull on匆匆忙忙地穿上
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