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The news came out (= became known) yesterday.这个消息是昨天传出来的。 When will your book come out (= be published)? 你的书何时出版？ How did the ball game come out (= end)? 这场球赛的结局如何？ (2) come about发生
e. g. How did all this come about (= happen/ take place)? 所有的这一切是怎样发生的？ It came out (= happened) in this way. 这事就是这样发生的。 (3)come back恢复，重现于记忆中。
e. g. They asked me to rest till my health came back.他们要我一直休息到恢复健康为止。 (4)come up走近，发芽，被提出
e. g. Christmas is coming up soon. 圣诞节快到了。 The seeds haven’t come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。
The question will come up tomorrow. 这个问题将于明天被提出来讨论。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. The string was getting charged! 细线正在导电。
get在这里是代替助动词be, 与过去分词连用，以强调主语的被动行为。
e. g. They got caught in the big rain on their way here.他们来这儿的路上遇到了这场大雨。 He got burnt while putting out the fire. 在灭火时他被烧伤了。 The car got stuck in the snow. 汽车陷在了雪中。 注意: get done有时不表示被动意思
e. g. Do you know she’s got married? 你知道她已经结婚了吗？ I’ve got used to such a way of life. 我已习惯了这样的生活方式。 get还有其他用法
(1)get用作使役动词时，其宾语补足语可用多种形式，用动词的什么形式取决于该动词与宾语之间的关系。get sth. / sb. to do/ doing/ done/ adj.
e. g. You must get them to come over here at once. ( = have them come) 你得想法让他们马上到这儿来。
I’ll get Mary to do the washing for you. (= have Mary do)我来让玛丽替你洗这些衣服。
Why don’t you get your shoes mended. (= have your shoes mended)你怎么不请人把鞋补一补。 I’ll go and get my hair cut. (= have my hair cut)我要去理发。 The next thing is to get the problem settled as soon as possible. 接下来就是尽快使问题得到解决。
(2) get to do表示从没有到有的变化，指不定式动词的动作或状态的开始，这时不定式动词大多为意识性或情感性的动词，动词come可代替get, 不改变这一作用。
e. g. I got to know him in 1998. 我是1998年认识他的。
You’ll soon get to like the work. 你不久就会喜欢这份工作的。
2．Why should students be careful smelling from bottle?为什么学生在闻从瓶子里冒出来的气味时要小心？
be careful doing 的意思是―做某事仔细或小心‖，be careful 后面常跟with, in, about 等介词短语，也可跟to do 或从句。
e.g. People should be more careful about the thing they say.大家对自己说的话应该谨慎。
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Please be careful with those plates! 那些盘子要十分小心。 Be careful in / about crossing the road. 过马路要留神。 Be careful not to hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。
Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.要小心把药放在孩子拿不到的地方。
3．What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？ ―be ＋to do‖结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。 e.g. We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在校门口碰头。（安排） You are to be back by 10 o'clock.你得在10点钟前回来。（命令） I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou. 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。（职责） A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。（用途）
They were never to meet again. 他们注定以后永远不见面。（命中注定）
· 语法精讲 ·
单词构词法——复合词( Compounds) (1)复合词分为 名词复合词
e. g. day + break— daybreak (n. + n. )拂晓，破晓，黎明 play + house— playhouse ( v. + n. )戏院
hair + cut— haircut (n. + v. )理发，做头发，发型，发式 wind + mill— windmill ( n. + n. )风车 动词复合词
e. g. brain + wash— brainwash ( n. + v. )洗脑baby + sit— babysit (n. + v. )临时受雇照料婴儿 形容词复合词
e. g. man + eating— maneating (n. + v. ing)食人的 heart + broken— heartbroken (n. + v. ed)使人伤心的 duty + free— dutyfree (n. + adj. )免关税的 介词复合词
e. g. in + to—into进入through + out— throughout遍及
(2)复合名词(compound noun): 两个名词用在一起表达意思 a. 两个名词联合在一起，中间无连字符 ―-‖
e. g. headache头痛 newspaper报纸 railway铁轨 timetable时间表 b. 两个名词中间由连字符号―-‖连起来
e. g. mouse-trap捕鼠器 tooth-brush 牙刷 man-servant男仆 traffic-light红绿灯 c. 两个名词分开，无连字符号 ―-‖
e. g. flower shop花店 police station警察局 goods train货车 washing machine洗衣机 d. 一个可数名词加上一个副词或介词，中间有连字符号 ―-‖ e. g. looker-on旁观者 passer-by过路人
e. 一个动词加上一个副词或介词，中间有连字符号 ―-‖ e. g. close-up(电影等的)特写镜头 sit-in(室内)静坐抗议
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一般而言，复合词中右边的成分不仅决定整个复合词的范畴，而且同样也决定复合词的主要意义。从这个意义上讲，右边的成分充当了核心词。
· 同步练习 ·
1．____ me carefully and then do everything as I do.
A．See B．Notice C．Watch D．Look 2．Time should be made good use _______ our lessons well.
A．of learning B．to learn C．to learning D．of to learn
3．I can still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A．what B．which C．that D．where 4．He tried hard to start the engine, but it didn't _____ . A．use B．work C．affect D．begin 5．______ of people were stopped by the passing train.
A．A great many B．A great deal C．Quite a number D．The number
6．I have some doubt ____ his words, but _______ is no doubt that he has passed the exam. A．about; it B．of; that C．about; there D．to; he
7．I don't think this article is so good because it is ______ of many facts. A．careful B．thought C．part D．short 8．A guide ______ the visitors round the old castle.
A．proved B．controlled C．conducted D．fastened 9．The experiment proves that ______ and electricity are the same.
A．thunderstorm B．liquid C．shampoo D．lightning 10．I'll ask my driver to ____ at eight tomorrow morning.
A．pick you out B．pick out you C．pick you up D．pick up you 参考答案
1．C watch 指集中注意力、长时间地“注视，观看”。 2．D 此题可以改写为：To learn our lesson well, time should be make good use of. make good use of 意为“好好利用”。to learn是动词不定式，表目的。
3．D 此题考查定语从句。the sitting-room是地点，故用关系词where. 4．B work在这儿指“（机器、设备等）运作，运转”。又如：This machine works by electricity.这台机器是电动的。
5．C a great many＋可数名词复数形式 a great deal of ＋不可数名词
a number of ＋可数名词复数形式 quite a number ( of )指“相当一些，许多” 6．C doubt about sth. 或doubt that-从句为一常用固定搭配，如： There is not much doubt about it. 那件事没有什么可疑之外。 I have no doubt that you’ll succeed. 我肯定你能成功。 There is no doubt that he’ll come. 他肯定会来。
7．D be careful of 意为“小心；当心”be thought of 意为“被认为”；be short of 意为“缺乏；缺少”根据句意和上下文的语境，应选be short of.
8．C 本题中，conduct是“带领，引导”的意思，符合题意。
9．D thunderstorm雷雨；雷暴liquid 液体shampoo洗发香lightning 闪电根据句意应选D.
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10．C pick up 指“拾起；让某人顺便搭车”，pick out 指“挑选出，辨别出”。
· 课外阅读 ·
印度—全世界最爱读书的国家
Indians are the world's biggest bookworms, reading on average 10.7 hours a week, twice as long as Americans, according to a new survey.
The NOP World Culture Score index surveyed 30,000 people in 30 countries from December 2004 to February 2005.
Analysts said self-help and aspirational reading could explain India's high figures.
Time spent on reading meant fewer hours watching TV and listening to the radio - India came fourth last in both.
The NOP survey of 30,000 consumers aged over 13 saw China and the Philippines take second and third place respectively in average hours a week spent reading books, newspapers and magazines.
Britons and Americans scored about half the Indians' hours and Japanese and Koreans were even lower - at 4.1 and 3.1 hours respectively.
R Sriram, chief executive officer of Crosswords Bookstores, a chain of 26 book shops around India, says Indians are extremely entrepreneurial and reading \
%universities abroad,\
%update themselves with books.\
Mr Sriram says social changes have also made a difference: \and grandparents for advice. Now they turn to books.\
最新一项调查显示，全世界最爱读书的是印度人，他们每周花在读书上的时间平均达到10.7小时，是美国人的两倍。
NOP世界文化评分指数在2004年12月至2005年2月期间对30个国家的三万人进行了调查。 分析师们指出，自助读书、热爱读书是印度人均读书时间超过别的国家的主要原因。
把时间用于读书意味着看电视和听广播的时间就相对减少，印度人用在看电视和听广播的时间都排在倒数第四位。
NOP调查的三万名消费者的平均年龄超过13岁。中国人和菲律宾人每周用在读书、读报及看杂志上的时间分列第二和第三名。
英国人和美国人的每周读报时间仅为印度人的一半，而日本和韩国则更低，分别为4.1小时和3.1小时。
在印度拥有26家图书连锁店的克劳斯沃兹书店执行总裁斯利拉姆表示，印度人非常具有开创精神，读书是他们生活中不可缺少的一部分。
他说：“他们非常注重读书。这就是为什么他们的学习都很棒，在国外大学学习时表现也很出色。” “人们进行自我教育，应对生活中出现的变化。要做到这点就必须通过读书来充实自己。” 斯利拉姆先生表示，社会变革也起到一定影响，“以前人们会从父母或祖父母那里寻求帮助，而现在他们求助于书本。”
Unit17
Great Women
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· 英语小窍门 ·
“牛”的表达法有多少?
牛在中国被视为农民的命根，含有牛的成语有“初生牛犊不怕虎”，“九牛二虎之力”，“牛头不对马嘴”等。现特搜集有关“牛”的表达与习语或谚语以飨读者。
一、牛的用词分类表达：
1．bull 指公牛，castrated bull 意为公牛、耕牛，菜牛。有趣的是John Bull被借用于指代英国人。 2．cow 指母牛，奶牛。
3．cattle 集体名词，指牛的总称、单数形式复数意义。 4．calf 指小牛，牛犊。其复数为calves。
5．ox指公牛，阉牛。主要用于耕作用的牛，其复数为oxen，包括母牛（cows）、公牛（bulls）和水牛（buffalos）等。
二、与上述表示“牛”概念有关的习语、俚语或谚语的表达： 1．与bull有关的表达有：
a bull in a china shop 闯祸的粗人 like a bull at a gate 狂怒地，凶猛地 milk the bull 做徒劳无益的事 shoot the bull 吹牛、说大话 take the bull by the horns 不畏艰难 throw the bull（美俚）胡说八道 lrish bull 自相矛盾的话 bulldog 哈叭狗 bullfighter 斗牛士 bullpen 牛栏 bullring 斗牛场 bull's－eye（军）十环 2．与cow有关的表达有：
till the cows come home 永远不可能地 cowboy 牛仔cow-catcher 排障器 cowfish 海豚，海牛 cow－college 小而无名的大学（俚） cow-pea 豇豆 cow－tree 乳树 3．与cattle有关的表达有：
kittle cattle 难应付的人 cattle-man 牧牛人 golden cattle（古代以色列人崇拜的偶像）金犊 cattle-liftert 偷牛的人 a cow in（with） cattle 怀孕的母牛 4．与calf，ox 有关的表达有：
kill the fatted calf 设宴欢迎 slip her calf（牛）流产 The black ox has trod on sb's foot． 灾祸已降临到某人头上。（某人已人老珠黄）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. inspire v.
(1)鼓舞，激励 (2)激发，促成。名词为inspiration
e. g. I was inspired to work harder. 我受到鼓舞更努力工作。 His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother. 他对母亲的怀念促使他谱出了最出色的音乐。 2. mean
adj. (1)小气的，吝啬的 (2)平均的
v. (1)表示(意义) (2)意欲，想要做……(3)决定做……(4)(因能力，命运等)注定
e. g. adj. He is very mean and he never lends anything to us.他非常小气，从不借给我们东西。 The mean yearly rainfall is 20 inches.年平均雨量是二十英寸。
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