设观测桩1个。无预压土路堑地段，每个路堑断面在两侧路肩各设观测桩1个。
For the cutting section that have the preloading, every cutting cross section shall be set one group combined type settlement board in the center of the alignment, on the two sides of the shoulder it shall be set one observation pile separately. for the cutting sections that no preloading, every cutting cross section shall be set one observation pile separately on the two sides of the shoulder.
（4） 组合式沉降板对于减少路基填筑的施工干扰有优势，可以在郑西客运专线
试验使用。实施前应制定操作细则、做好培训。组合式沉降板路基沉降观测方法见附件一。
The combination form settlement board has the advantage to reduce the subgrade filling construction influence, it can be tested used for Zheng-Xi PDL. Before performed, it shall set the operation detailed principles, and prepare the training. The combination form settlement board subgrade settlement observation method sees the attachment 1.
位移、沉降观测桩位移、沉降观测桩预压土方级配碎石（基床表层）水泥改良土（基床底层） 组合式沉降板路堤地基处理层
图1 路堤沉降观测断面观测标志布置示意图
Drawing 1 the drawing of embankment settlement observation
cross section embedded the mark
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 11 of 85 预压土方级配碎石（基床表层）位移、沉降观测桩水泥改良土（基床底层）位移、沉降观测桩组合式沉降板图2 路堑沉降观测断面观测标志布置示意图
Drawing 2 the drawing for cutting settlement observation cross
section set the mark
（四） 沉降观测的频度the frequency of the settlement observation
沉降观测分为四阶段进行，每个阶段的沉降观测的频次应根据沉降的发生与发展规律及沉降大小确定，一般应按照如下观测频度进行。The settlement observation shall be divided into four stages, the settlement observation frequency of every stage shall be followed the settlement developed regulation and the settlement dimensions to ensure, generally it shall be done follow the following observation frequency.
第一阶段：路基填筑施工期间的观测，主要观测路基填土施工期间地基与堤身的沉降变形以及路堤坡脚边桩位移与沉降。本阶段沉降观测应与施工配合，每填筑一层应观测一次；同时应保证不超过3天观测1次。
First stage: the observation during the subgrade filling construction, mainly observed the foundation and embankment settlement deformation and the replacement and settlement of the side pile on the toe of the embankment slope during the subgrade filling construction period. For this stage, the settlement observation shall be cooperated with the construction, when filled one layer it shall be observed once, at the same time, it shall be observed once in 3d.
第二阶段：路基填筑施工完成且预压土方施加后，自然沉落期的沉降观测，该阶段应对路基基床底层顶面的沉降及路基基底沉降进行系统的观测，直到工后沉降评估可满足铺设无碴轨道的要求为止。本阶段的沉降观测频度为：第1～15天每3天一次，第16～90天每7天一次，第90～180天每15天一次。
Second stage: after finished subgrade filling construction and preloading, the
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by:
芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon
审核 proofread
Page 12 of 85 settlement observation for the natural settlement period, for this stage it shall be observed the surface settlement of the subgrade the top of bedding bottom layer and the subgrade foundation bottom settlement until the after work settlement evaluation can satisfy installed the slab track requirement. The settlement observation frequency is: for the first 1-15d, every 3d once, the 16th -90d, every 7d once, the 90th -180d every 15d once.
第三阶段：预压土方卸载、铺设基床表层（级配碎石层）、无碴轨道铺设期间及正式运营前的观测。本阶段的沉降观测频度为：前15天每3天一次，第15天后每7天一次。
Third stage: the observation for unload the preloading, pave the bedding surface layer (gradated crushed stone layer), install the slab track period and before officially operation. The settlement observation frequency is: for the first 15d every 3d once, for the last 15d every 7d once.
第四阶段：试运营期间的观测（对于需进行运营期进行沉降观测的路基）。本阶段的沉降观测主要进行路基面观测桩的观测，一般每月1次，必要时进行路基本体沉降及地基土沉降的观测。
Forth stage: the observation for the test operation period (for the subgrade that need to be observed the settlement during the operation period). The settlement observation mainly observed the subgrade surface observation pile, generally every month once, if it is necessary it shall be observed subgrade settlement and the foundation soil settlement.
实际工作进行时，观测时间的间隔还要看地基的沉降值和沉降速率，两次连续观测的沉降差值大于4mm时应加密观测频次。当出现沉降突变、地下水变化及降雨等外部环境变化时应增加观测频次。
When do the actual work, the observed time and interval need to concern about the settlement value and settlement speed, when the settlement different value of twice continuously observation is more than 4mm, it shall be increased the observation frequency. When the outside environment changed e.g. the settlement suddenly changed a lot, the ground water changed and the rainfall etc. it shall increase the observation frequency.
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 13 of 85 （五） 观测精度要求 the requirement of the observation accuracy
沉降水准的测量精度为±1 mm，读数取位至0.1 mm；剖面沉降的测量精度为8 mm/30 m。
The survey accuracy of the settlement water level is ±1 mm, the reading accuracy is 0.1 mm, and the survey accuracy of the profile settlement is 8 mm/30 m.
（六） 沉降观测要求the settlement observation requirement
为达到路基沉降观测的目的，建立沉降与时间的关系，了解产生沉降的部位，沉降观测应考虑如下要求。
To achieve the subgrade settlement observation propose, it shall be created the settlement-time relationship to know which part caused the settlement. The settlement observation shall be considered the following requirement.
1. 为了观测到各部位的总沉降，从路基填土开始，沉降观测也随即进行。
To observe total settlement of every part, it shall be started from the subgrade filling and together with the settlement observation.
2. 沉降标志的埋设是在施工过程中进行的，施工单位的填筑施工要与标志的
埋设作好协调，做到互不干扰、影响。路堤的填筑进度要及时告知负责埋设沉降板的人员，避免错过最佳埋设机会。观测设施的埋设及沉降观测工作应按本方案所要求，不能影响路基填筑质量的均匀性。
The settlement mark shall be embedded during the construction procedure, the contractor shall cooperate the filling construction with the mark embedded and noninterference and no influence. The rate progress of the embankment filling shall be informed to the person who responsible for embeds the combined type settlement board in time to avoid losses the optimized embedded time. The observation equipment embedded and the settlement observation work shall be followed this scheme requirement, and can not influence the subgrade filling quality uniformity.
3. 在沉降板埋设基本不影响施工的条件下，路基的施工应作到碾压的均匀
性，质量的一致性，使沉降观测资料具有良好的代表性。
Under the condition that the settlement equipment embedded basically can not influence the construction, the subgrade construction shall be rolled
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by:
芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon
审核 proofread
Page 14 of 85 uniformity, the quality is consistency, and the settlement observation data have the well representative.
4．为了分析施工期沉降和工后沉降、施工期沉降与总沉降的关系以及验证推算工后沉降方法的准确性，对部分有代表性路基（暂定工程试验段），进行运营期间的长期沉降观测，以期得到最终沉降量。
To analyze the settlement and after work settlement during the construction period, the relationship between the settlement during the construction period and total settlement and verify the veracity of the after work settlement method, it shall be observed the settlement during the operation time for long time for part typical subgrade (temporary determined the test section) then get the final settlement.
（七） 评估方法和判定标准 assessment method and determination
standard
1、观测资料整理summarized the observation data
（1） 采用统一的《郑西客运专线路基沉降观测记录表》（见附表）做好观测
数据的记录与整理。
It shall be used the uniform Zheng-Xi PDL subgrade settlement observation recording table (see the attached table) to record and coordinate the observation data.
（2） 根据观测资料，及时完成有关图表的绘制，主要包括：according to the
observation data, it shall be finished the diagram in time, mainly contained: 1) 每个观测标志点的荷载——时间——沉降曲线；
the load-time-settlement curve for every observation symbol point
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by:
芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon
审核 proofread
Page 15 of 85