2. 通过各施工阶段对墩台沉降的观测，验证和校核设计理论、设计计算方法，
并根据沉降资料的分析预测总沉降和工后沉降量，进而确定桥梁工后沉降是否满足铺设无碴轨道要求。
By observing settlement for each construction stage on piers and abutment, to verify and check design principle, design calculation method, and according to the settlement observation documents to analyze the
forecasted total settlement and the amount of after-work settlement, then to make sure that if the after-work settlement can satisfy the requirement of design.
3. 根据沉降资料分析，对沉降量可能超标的墩台研究对策，提出改进措施，
以保证桥梁工程的安全；同时积累实体桥梁工程的沉降观测资料，为完善桩基础沉降分析方法作技术储备。
According to settlement observation document to carry out analysis, for abutment and piers with higher value maybe exceed requirement, shall take study, and put out improving measure to guarantee the safety of bridge structure; at the same time to accumulate the actual bridges settlement observation documents, to make the technology base for completing analysis method on pile foundation settlement observation.
4. 桥涵主体工程完工后，沉降观测期一般应不少于6个月；岩石地基等良
好地质区段的桥梁，沉降观测期应不少于2个月。观测数据不足或工后沉降评估不能满足设计要求时，应适当延长观测期。
After finishing main structure of bridge & culvert, period of settlement monitoring shall not be less than 6 months; for bridges in area with good geological condition like rock layers, the settlement monitoring period shall not be less than 2 months. When the monitoring data is not sufficient or evaluation of settlement after-work can not satisfy design requirement, monitoring time shall be elongated.
5. 观测期内，基础沉降实测值超过设计值20％及以上时，应及时查明原因，
必要时进行地质复查，并根据实测结果调整计算参数，对设计预测沉降进行修正或采取沉降控制措施。
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 21 of 85 During monitoring, if the actual value of foundation settlement exceeded 20% of designed value or more, the reason must be found out in time. If necessary shall check geological condition for the second time, and adjust calculation parameters according to actual measuring results. And shall modify designed forecast settlement value or take some settlement controlling count-measure.
（二）沉降观测的内容
Settlement monitoring content
桥墩、桥台、涵洞各个施工阶段的垂直沉降。
Vertical settlement of abutments, piers and culverts during each construction stage.
（三）沉降观测点的布置
Arrangement of monitoring points
1. 桥梁 Bridge
(1) 桥梁工程的每个墩、台均要进行沉降观测，观测标志应尽量靠近地面（水
面）。
Each abutment and pier shall be carried out settlement monitoring. The marks shall be close to ground surface as possible (water level).
(2) 桥墩：观测点原则上应设在墩身上，数量每墩不少于4处，分别设在每
个墩的墩身四角，观测点距地面（水面）高度应在1m左右，特殊情况可按照确保观测精度、方便观测、利于测点保护的原则根据具体情况确定。 For piers: monitoring points shall be set on pier shaft, and for each pier shall not be less than 4 points, and arranged four sides on pier shaft. The points shall be about 1m high from the ground (water) level. For some special cases, the position shall be decided according actual condition based on the principle of guaranteeing monitoring precision, convenience of operation and point protection.
(3) 桥台：观测点原则上应设在台顶（台帽及背墙顶），数量每台不少于4处，
分别设在台帽两侧及背墙两侧（横桥向）。
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 22 of 85 For abutment: in principle the points shall be on abutment top (abutment coping and back wall top), the quantity shall not be less than 4, and arranged at two side of abutment coping and back wall (transverse direction). 2．涵洞 Culvert
每个涵洞均要进行沉降观测，数量每涵不少于6处，观测点原则上应设在涵洞两侧边墙上，在涵洞进出口及涵洞中心分别设置。
Settlement monitoring must be carried out for each culvert, and quantity shall not be less than 6. In principle the points shall be on two side walls, and also for entrance, exit and center of culvert.
（四）观测精度 Monitoring precision
桥涵基础沉降变形的观测精度为±l mm，读数取位至0.1 mm。
The precision of settlement monitoring shall be ±l mm, significant figure of reading shall be 0.1 mm.
（五）沉降观测频度 Monitoring frequency
每阶段的沉降观测，在开始时一般可每周观测一次，以后视两次观测沉降量的变化情况，可适当调整沉降观测的频度，但两次的观测沉降量不宜大于1mm，具体要求见下表1和表2：
For observation of each stage, at the beginning can be taken once each week, later shall according to the amount of settlement to adjust the frequency, but for the adjacent two times shall not have settlement exceeds 1mm, detailed requirements as following table 1 and table 2:
日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 23 of 85 表1 墩台基础沉降观测频次
Foundation settlement monitoring frequency
观测阶段 Monitoring stage 观测频次frequency 观测期限 Time limitation 观测周期 Time cycle 备 注 Note 设置观测点 Set monitoring point 墩台施工期间 during construction 墩台施工完成至预制梁架设前或现浇梁制梁前 After pier erecting and before girder launching or pre-casting 预制梁架设 Girder launching 预制 梁桥 Pre-cast girder 附属设施施工 Construction for additional project 全 程 Whole period 1次/周 1 time/week 架梁前后各一次 全程 Whole period One for each before and after launching 荷载变化前后各一次或1次/周 全程 Whole period One for each before and after load case changing or 1 time/week 梁体施工期间 During construction 现浇 梁桥 Cast-in-situ 附属设施施工bridge Construction for additional project 施工起止各一次 全程 Whole period One for each before and after construction 荷载变化前后各一次或1次/周全程 Whole period One for each before and after load case changing or 1 time/week 日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
Page 24 of 85 对岩石地基的桥梁，桥梁架设完成至 无碴轨道铺设前 After girder launching ≥6个月 months 1次/周 1 time/week 一般不宜少于2个月 For bridges in area with rock geological condition, time shall be longer than 2 month 运梁前和运梁后架桥机（运梁车）通过期间 Launching passing (carrier) equipment 各1次 全程 Whole period One for each before girder transporting and after transporting 无碴轨道铺设期间 During slab track laying 全 程 Whole period 0～3个月 0～3 months 无碴轨道铺设完成后 After slab track laying 24个月 months 4～12个月 4～12 months 13～24个月 13～24 months 1次/天 1 time/day 1次/月 1 time/month 1次/3月 1 time/3 months 1次/6个月 1 time/6 months 工后沉降长期观测 Long-term monitoring after construction finished and before slab track laying 注：测试墩台沉降时，应同时记录结构荷载状态、环境温度及天气日照情况。 Note: when carry out settlement monitoring for piers and abutment, the load condition, environment temperature and weather sunlight must be registered.
表2 涵洞基础沉降观测频次
Foundation settlement monitoring frequency
观测频次frequency 观测阶段 Monitoring stage 涵洞主体施工期间 During finishing main structure 观测期限 Time limitation 观测周期 Time cycle 备 注 Note 设置观测点 Set monitoring point 日期：2007-01-09 Date:2007-01-09
翻译： Translated by: 芦丽萍，王瑾，朱荣，巩亚强 Sophy, Vivian, Michelle, Simon 审核 proofread
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