can get them for free. The bulletins have attracted the attention of many people, most of whom are lawyers and accountants. 对公众开放的红头文件
在去年年末，坐落于正义路的北京市政府在其西门入口设置了一个接待处，从周一到周五接待订阅了北京市政府公告的市民。从2002年早期政府公告向公众开放以来，社论办公室的电话就不断响起。其中一部分来自于广东省、浙江省、黑龙江省和香港特别行政区，这些人来电咨询订阅手续。
作为被大众普遍认为是“红头文件”的政府公告，包括了政府规章制度、行政命令和决议这些内容，对大多数人来说是很神秘的，因为在过去只有局级以上的干部才能接触到。 北京汇远法律事物所主任魏贵钦是首批订阅政府公告者之一。他说：“公告对公众的发行对
我们的工作不无裨益”。
许多其他省市的政府也对公众开放其公告，其中包括河南省、陕西省和广州市、武汉市、青岛市和银川市。政府公告和其他政府文件在本质上是相同的。
上海是第一个对公众开放其政府公告的城市。从去年一开始，除了市政府管理下的机构和企业，政府公告也在100个选出的报纸杂志销售亭、50个邮政区和50个新华书店发放，市民可以免费索取。公告吸引了很多人的注意力，他们中大部分是律师和会计。 \
Five years ago, Huang Songji, a laid-off(下岗) female employee in Nanjing, invested 50，000 yuan to set up a kindergarten. However, she was soon asked to close down, as she failed to follow relevant procedures. She sought assistance at the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs, and with guidance by the staff, Huang quickly obtained all necessary procedures.
What is the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs and how effective is it? The first supermarket was launched by the government of Xiaguan District, Nanjing City, in the residential communities of Xiaoshi and Rehenanlu（热河南路） on October 16, 2000. The government set up its offices in a big hall to handle various administrative affairs, including more than 40 services related to 国内事务, employment, municipal
construction, economy, handling of complaints and 法律执行). It indeed has supermarket features of openness, efficiency and a variety of choice, hence the name, Supermarket of Administrative Affairs. Five other residential quarters followed suit a year later.
The supermarket practices实施 a responsibility system to solve problems, and serve clients. In addition, supervision监督 and feedback procedures have also been adopted. The system, which enables citizens to learn about government administrative affairs, contributes to the government's efforts to open administrative affairs. Sun Wei, a \in the office drawer. Now they are placed on the wall, clearly indicating problems and possible timelines for their solution. Furthermore, the telephone number to contact in cases of complaint against the behavior of \subject to customer complaints 收到顾客投诉达三次的雇员are given three chances, and penalties罚款 include criticism the first time, bonus奖金，红利 deduction the second time, and dismissal the third time.
Since district government powers have been transferred to the \by the residential community, such as the approval of small loans to help the poor and victims of natural disasters; handling applications for subsidies津贴，补助 if their living standards is below the poverty line; granting licenses颁发许可证 to small restaurants; leasing newspaper booths and registering the unemployed. Apart from these services, the \has also set up a training room培训场所, a low consultation room and a suggestion box, as well as a telephone hotline to answer questions. In addition, government leaders regularly visit the \
Many citizens have expressed their satisfaction with the \
\quickly solves problems, and shortens the psychological distance between leaders and the masses. Surveys recently conducted in five 'supermarkets' indicated that citizens are satisfied with the measures,\said Xu Xueqin, who the publicity of the Xiaguan residential community.
The \a positive influence to the entire country. Similar supermarkets have opened in Shenyang, Shanghai and Fuzhou.
The \Affairs, now has 80 branches in the entire city, offering more than 50 services. A civil affairs国内事务 official said that in the next three years, every community and town would set up such a \to form a network covering the entire area.
Media reports recently stated that relevant departments have planned to set up a multi-functional and multi-level service system throughout the country, which offers services on personnel matters, domicile registration居民登记, matrimonial registration婚姻登记, enterprise registration, tax payment, license 执照distribution and the approval of land utilization. Service centers and related ranches will be set up in densely populated communities. Meanwhile, a standardized service network and unified regulations will also be established, and related workers （服务人员佩戴的标牌）for the benefit of customers.
行政事务“超市”
五年前，黄松姬，一个南京的下岗女工，投资了50，000元建起了一个幼儿园。但是不久，因为没有遵守相关的手续，她被要求关闭该幼儿园。于是她到行政事务“超市”寻求援助，在相关工作人员的帮助指导下，黄松姬很快就获得了全部必须的手续。
什么是行政事务“超市”？它在多大范围内有效？第一个“超市”是南京下官区政府在2000年10月16日开办的，位于小市和热河南路的居住区内。政府在某一个大厅里建立了它的办公室来处理各种各样的行政事务，包括有关公民事务、招聘、市政建设、经济、解决牢骚、法律执行情况的40多项服务。它确实具备诸如开办者、效率、多重选择这些超市的特征，因此得名：行政事务“超市”。紧接着的其他五个住宅区第二年也合适进行了。 这种超市把一种解决问题和服务客户的责任体系落到实处。此外，监督管理和反馈程序也被采纳。这个体系可以使公民了解到政府的行政管理事务，为政府开放其管理的努力做出了很大贡献。孙威，一个“超市”工作人员，说在过去政治是被锁在办公室的抽屉里的，现在它们则被张贴到墙上，清晰地反映了问题以及解决问题的可能时机。此外，如对“超市”工作职员的行为不满而设的电话号码也是对公众开放的。遭到顾客抱怨的职员有三次机会，第一次批评和罚款，第二次扣除奖金，第三次解雇。
因为地区政府的权力被转移到“超市”，服务项目和过去那些由居住区提供的相比更加宽泛了许多，例如用于帮助贫民和自然灾害的受灾者的小额贷款的批准、生活水平低于贫困线的补助金的应用处理、小餐馆执照的发放、报亭的租借和失业者的登记等。除了这些服务以外，“超市”还设置了一个培训室、一个咨询室、一个意见箱和一部电话热线来回答问题。此外，政府领导人还会有规律地来参观“超市”以个人身份和大众交流。 许多居民都表达了他们对于政府的便民“超市”的服务满意。
“它解决问题很快捷，并且拉近了领导和大众的心理距离。目前在五个‘超市’进行的调查表明了公众对于这一举措都感到非常满意。”负责下关居住区的公开事务的许雪琴说。
南京的这一行政便民“超市”服务对全国产生了非常积极的影响。沈阳、上海和福州都开办了类似的超市。
上海的“超市”，即小区事务中心，现在在全市有80个分支，提供50多种服务。一位民政局的官员说在以后三年，每一个社区和城镇都要建立这样一个“超市”来形成一个覆盖整个地区的“超市”网络。
目前的媒体报道说相关部门计划建立一个辐射全国的多功能、多层次的服务系统，可以提供许多服务诸如个人事件、住宿登记、结婚登记、企业登记、税款
支付、执照发放和土地利用批准。服务中心和相关机构也将会在人口密集的社区建立。同时，为了顾客的利益，一个标准化的服务网络和统一的规章制度也会建立，相关的工作人员会佩带姓名标签。
\电子政府
Placing government administrative affairs on the Internet appears to be a growing world trend for governments working toward open
administration. Resources on government work available on the Internet can he effectively utilized. Furthermore, this practice will enhance the transparency of the government, reduce administrative expenses, improve work efficiency and facilitate使更容易 the construction of a diligent and honest government.
China has a long way to go before it can develop an online government. However, beginning in the mid-1980s when China first called for office automation, up until 1998 when China began to develop e-government project, it has promoted e-commerce in government departments, using the Internet to release information, handling day-to-day office business and offering other services.
In recent years, China has rapidly developed the e-government. First, departments of industry and commerce, customs and taxation税款, and public security have taken the lead in accelerating the pace of e-commerce development and implementation. Second, many government web sites with increasingly rich content and sophisticated functions have appeared. A recent survey stated that more than 2, 200 government web sites currently exist in the entire country, and have played a major role in driving the construction of the information industry.
A bilingual能说双语的 web site, Chinashanghai, in both English and Chinese, was launched on September 28, 2001. It serves as a platform for government information dissemination for the benefit of the citizens.