Chinashanghai 专门经营the establishment of an \home page, entitled Today's Events, provides information on major activities and events, and reports on various hot topics of discussion. Pages containing government bulletins, government documents, regulations and other information have also been released. The Laws and Regulations page introduces various rules and regulations, the Shanghai Brief page provides information on the latest development trends in the city, and the Investment page offers information on the investment environment and various investment policies, explaining the urban construction plan, the development of the Pudong New Area, the development of development zones and investment projects. The Services page, on the other hand, provides information on topics more closely related to people's lives, such as weather, transport, healthcare医疗卫生, education and tourism. This page also offers 对贫困群体的法律援助. The Business 清楚Guidance page provides useful information on competent有能力的 institutions, as well as their addresses, contact details, procedures for handling certain affairs, and channels for 在线事务办理主页 enables users to inquire on certain items, and download online forms and applications.
Chinashanghai will also connect with its affiliated附属的 stations to establish a better government network by the end of this year. In addition, Shanghai plans to set up a large porta入口 within the next five years, which will be among China's first-class ones and match
international advanced level. By the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-05), all the government departments related to social management and services will be on the network. “电子政府”
将政府行政事务展示在因特网上似乎是一个持续增长的世界趋势，对于开放式的管理的政府工作来说。在因特网上关于政府工作的可获得资源能得到有效的利用。而且，这项实践将提高政府的透明度，降低行政费用，提高工作效率，促进建设一个勤奋诚实的政府。
在有能力建立一个网上政府之前，中国还有很长的一段路要走。但是，从20世纪80年代中期开始中国开始提倡办公自动化，直到1998年中国开始发展电子政府计划，利用因特网来发布信息、处理日常的办公事务和提供其他服务都促进了政府部门中电子商务的发展。
近些年来，中国迅速发展起了电子政府。首先，工业部、商业部、海关税收部和公共安全部在加速电子商务的发展和执行的步伐中起了领导作用。第二，出现了许多内容日益丰富、功能日益完善的政府网址。日前的一项调查显示了全国目前有2200多个政府网址，在推进信息产业的建设上起了举足轻重的作用。
中国上海，一个双语网址，英语和汉语，在2001年9月28日开办。出于公民的利益考虑，该网址为政府信息的发布提供了平台。
中国上海致力于建立一个“电子政府”。它的本国网页上记载了今日事件，为主要活动和事件提供信息，并且有各种各样热点话题讨论的报道。网页内容包括了政府公告，政府文件，规章制度，其他信息也会发布。法律和规章的页面上介绍了各种规则和制度，上海摘要网页提供了城市最新发展潮流的信息 ，投资网页上提供了关于投资环境的信息和各种投资政策、介绍了市区建设计划、浦东新区的发展、发展区的发展和投资计划。另一方面，服务网页提供了关于更接近人们生活的话题的信息，例如天气、交通、保健、教育和旅游。这一网页也为弱势群体提供法律援助。商业指导网页上提供了关于可胜任的机构的有用信息及他们的地址和联系细节、解决某些问题的程序和处理诉讼的渠道。最后，网上事务处理网页可以使用户询问某些情况并且下载网上表格和应用软件。
今年年末，中国上海也和其附属机构联系来建立一个更好的政府网络。此外，上海计划在未来五年内建立一个宽敞的入口，这样它将是中国第一等的政府网站之一，并达到国际先进水平。在第10个五年计划（2001-05）的末期，所有的和社会管理和公众服务的政府部门都将会在因特网上出现。
Open Urban Planning
Over the past two years, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin have made public their city construction plan, a change from their former closed-door working style. The procedures and timetable for the examination and approval of projects, regulations and laws, and
technological indexes指数 in relation to the projects are now also out in the open, much to the great enthusiasm of the citizens.
Last October, Beijing held an exhibition on the overall city planning. During holidays and weekends, the 3000-square-meter hall received about 1500 people each day. \interested in city planning,\Municipal City Planning Committee.
Many visitors filled thick suggestion books with feedback, providing constructive ideas, such as building another world trade center in the north; retaining保留 the lay-out展示 of the narrow alleys小巷 and the courtyard homes; and informing citizens on city construction projects on time. The exhibition organizers then sorted the suggestions and delivered them to the decision-making departments.
\determination to promote the opening up of administration affairs, and this is a significant development,\
Zhou Chang, Secretary general of the China Architectural Society, agreed. \opening up of the urban planning process can improve things greatly, as major decisions will go through the approval of experts, the suggestions of citizens and the supervision监督 of the media,\said Zhou.
Shan Qixiang, director of the Beijing Municipal City Planning Committee, said the opinions of both experts and the masses will be pooled together把??汇聚在一起 before a decision on any important plans for urban construction are reached.
(Source: The article was written by Wu Cong Wen, Beijing Review, May 30, 2002) 开放城市计划
在过去的两年内，北京、上海和天津制定公布了它们的城市建设计划，和他们以往不公开的工作方式不同。工程检验和批准的程序和时间表、法律和规章制度、有关计划的科技索引现在也同样公诸于世，引起了市民的极大热情。
去年十月，北京举行了一个关于所有城市计划的展览。在假日和周末期间，3000平方米的展览大厅每天要接待大约1500名参观者。“我们没有料到有如此多的市民对城市计划如此感兴趣。”北京市城市计划委员会成员邱悦说。
许多参观者在厚厚的建议簿上写满了他们的反馈，提供建设性的创意，例如在北部建另外一座世界贸易中心、保留狭窄小巷和庭院式住宅的规划、及时通知市民城市建设计划。然后展览组织者把这些建议分类并且送到了决议制定部门。
“将城市计划面向大众显示了政府促进开放式行政管理的果断决心，这是一个重大的进步。”一个参观者说。
周畅，中国建筑协会的总会长，赞同以上说法。“开放城市计划进程可以极大地改善事态，因为主要的决定将接受专家的正式批准、市民的建议和媒体的监督。”他说。
单奇翔，北京市城市计划委员会主任，说专家和公众的看法在每一个关于城市建设的重要计划达成一致以前都将汇集起来。
Unit 2
Why Public Management Reform?
Public management reform is usually thought of as a means to an end, not an end . To be more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends. These include making saving (economies) in public expenditure, improving the quality if public services, making the operation of government more efficient and increasing the chances that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective. On the way to achieving these important objectives, public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends, including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy官僚作风/机构, public officials bureaucratic constrains官僚式约束 which inhibit限制 their opportunities to manage and enhance the government's accountability有责任 to the legislature立法机构 and the citizenry市民 for its policies and programs. Last but not least最后, one should mention the symbolic and legitimacy合法，合理 benefits of management reform. For politicians these benefits consist partly of being seem to be doing something. Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy, praising new management techniques, promising improved services for the future, 改组部门 and agencies-all these activities help to attract favorable attention to the politicians who espouse信奉 them. A cynic愤世嫉俗者 might observe that, in these days when the power of individual governments to act independently is increasingly called into questions by a complex interplay相互影响 of local, natio