摘 要
当今社会，网络与人们的生活息息相关，又由于互联网在我国的不断普及和发展,近期以来网络谣言问题开始引起社会各界的深切关注和持续讨论，由诸多原因所引致的网络谣言问题也成为人们普遍关注的话题。人们开始意识到,屡禁不止以及危害极大的谣言现象,在逐渐兴起和扩大的网络传播中呈现出一系列新的特点及特性,并且它似乎更易于与当时比较流行的话题比如各种自然灾害、突发事件、公共事件、恐怖事件等重大问题联系在一起。网络谣言给个人、企业、政府和社会带来难以预估及难以挽回的深刻影响,这使得网络谣言及其治理问题成为一个新的重要课题。另一方面,目前国内外关于网络谣言问题的研究尚处在初始阶段,还未来得及正式提出网络谣言治理命题,网络谣言治理理论与实践两个层面的研究都亟待加强。
网络的普及使得越来越多的民众成为“网络人”，人们在日常的生活中渐渐的对网络产生了依赖，在利用网络获取社会信息的同时也通过网络的形式来表达自己的观点和想法。与此同时，谣言的传播也就不像传统谣言一样，只是人与人之间口口相传，而是通过网络谣言的形式更快、更广的进行传播。这种现象使得原本在现实中才得以肆虐的谣言，在网络世界中成了常态化的存在。
网络谣言问题作为网络伦理中一个普遍存在的现象其负面影响越来越大。网络谣言的传播不但对社会的稳定和发展起到很大的负面影响，而且也影响着人们的正常生活，同时还败坏了网络本身的信誉。在这样的现实情况下，我把网络谣言的成因、危害等相关问题作为了我毕业论文的研究课题。
据此,本课题选择将当前我国网络谣言及其治理问题作为研究对象,广泛采用理论剖析、文献研究和举例论证等研究方法,主要探讨了当前我国网络谣言的特征，分析了网络谣言的成因以及危害，针对在治理网络谣言的各个环节中存在的主要不足，提出了如何完善网络谣言的治理措施。
本文针对网络谣言的成因表现及治理进行研究，研究内容分为四个部分。第一部分概括性的阐述了文章选题背景及研究意义、国内外研究现状和研究方法。第二部分详细分析网络谣言的特征,主要阐述网络谣言的基本含义、主要特征、主要传播模式，同时还从不同角度研究了网络谣言传播者的心理。第三部分讲述了网路谣言的成因以及危害,包括分析了网络谣言形成的社会因素与自身因素,
然后逐一讲述了网络谣言的危害。第四部分针对我国网络谣言的现状，提出相应的网络谣言治理对策。主要探讨提高网民媒介素养，加强网络法制管理,加强政府引导舆论的能力、创新网络管理技术、加强网络媒体自律、推行新闻体制改革、加强主流文化建设等七个个方面的思路与对策。
通过研究发现，在治理网络谣言当中政府起着主体作用，所以应当发挥预警、监督、引导、管理等作用。但是我国民数量众多，加上网络的匿名性和网络言论传播的自由性，再加上网络治理方面的漏洞使治理网络谣言的难度越来越大。目前我国在防治网络谣言的工作中，主要的问题有：对网络谣言问题缺乏防范意识；关于网络谣言的预警能力比较差；防范网络谣言的手段和方法比较单一；对网络舆论的疏通和引导工作不到位；缺乏强有力的谣言监测手段；网络谣言的法制监管缺乏等等。只有针对以上问题做好相关的工作才能更好的防治网络谣言，减轻网络谣言的危害。
通过本文的研究，有助于从不同层面了解网络谣言的成因与危害；有助于从不同角度对网络谣言问题进行思考与有效治理；有助于净化网络环境，形成良好的网络社会环境。
关键词：网络谣言，对策、社会心理，防治意识
Abstract
Nowadays, network with people 's lives, and because of the growing popularity of the Internet and the development of our country since the beginning of the recent network problems caused by rumors of deep concern and ongoing discussion of the community, network problems caused by rumors caused a number of reasons has become widespread topic of concern. People are beginning to realize , repeated and extremely harmful rumors phenomenon , the gradual rise in the spread and expansion of the network presents a series of new features and characteristics , and then it seems easier and more popular variety of topics such as natural disasters, major issues emergencies, public events, such as terrorist attacks linked . Internet rumors to individuals , businesses, governments and society difficult to predict and difficult to restore a profound impact , which makes the network rumors and governance issues become a new important issue. On the other hand , the current domestic and international research networks rumors about problems at the initial stages , has not yet had a formal network management proposition rumors , rumors governance theory and practice of research networks are two levels should be strengthened .
Today's society is the information society , network media status in society has become increasingly important. Popularity of the network makes more and more people become \dependency on the network , using the Internet to get the information society but also to express their views and ideas in the form of a network . Meanwhile, rumors spread rumors as it unlike traditional , but word of mouth among people , but in the form of faster network rumors , wider spread. This phenomenon makes the original was able to wreak havoc in the real rumor in the online world has become the norm of existence.
Internet rumors ethical issues as a network phenomenon in which a widespread negative impact on growing. Internet rumors spread not only to the stability and development of the society played a significant negative impact , but also affect people 's normal life , but also tarnished the reputation of the network itself . So , exactly how to regulate network behavior , governance network environment , \pollution\problems .
In modern society, how to better regulate the dissemination of information networks , strengthen prevention and control network rumors , rumors strangle network fundamentally , it has become a real problem to be solved urgently . In this
reality , I put the causes of network issues related to rumors of hazards as my thesis research.
Accordingly, the subject of rumors and select the current governance of the network as an object of study, extensive theoretical analysis, literature research and feasibility studies and other research methods , for example , focuses on the current features of the network rumors , rumors of a network analysis of the causes and hazard for major deficiencies in all aspects of governance networks rumors exist , the question of how to improve network rumor control measures .
This paper studies the causes for network performance and governance rumor , content is divided into four parts. The first part of the article describes the broad background and significance, research status at home and abroad and research methods. The second part of a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the network rumors , mainly on the basic meaning of the network rumors , the main features, the main mode of transmission , but also to study the network from different angles rumors communicators psychology. The third part describes the causes and harmful Internet rumors , including an analysis of the social network rumor form factor with its own factors , then one by one about the dangers of Internet rumors . The fourth part of the status quo of China's Internet rumor , rumor propose appropriate countermeasures network . Focuses on improving media literacy users , strengthen legal management of the network and strengthen the government's ability to guide public opinion , and innovative network management technology , strengthen the network media self-regulation , the implementation of structural reform news , ideas and countermeasures to strengthen the construction of seven major cultural aspects .
Through the study found , in which the government plays a rumor Governance Network main role , so it should play a warning, supervision, guidance, management and so on. But many people my number , plus anonymity networks and network spread freedom of speech , coupled with the network management loopholes so difficult to manage a growing network of rumors . At present, China rumors prevention network at work , the main problems are: lack of awareness of network problems rumors ; early warning capability of rumors about the network is relatively poor ; means and methods of prevention network rumors relatively simple ; dredge and guide the work of the network of public opinion not in place ; lack of strong rumors monitoring tools ; lack of legal regulatory networks rumors and so forth. Only the above problems do related work in order to better prevention network rumors, rumors of harm reduction network .
Through this study will help to understand the causes and harmful rumors from different levels of the network ; contribute to the network from different angles rumors problems thinking and effective governance ; helps to purify the Internet environment , create a good social environment network .
Keywords: Internet rumors; strategy; social psychology; prevention awareness