1. be at home在家,在本地,在国内,熟悉
eg. Oh bother! I've left my money at home. 真讨厌!我把钱落在家里了.
They always make us feel very much at home. 他们总是使我们感到非常自在.
译文：如果本杰明．富兰克林还活着，我们会对他很熟悉。事实上，他做了许多对我们的生活方式发生重大影响的事情。你可能会立刻点头说：\对，是的，我们在五年级的时候就知道富兰克林的故事了\但是-让我们来看一下，你是否真正\完全了解他“。
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1.You probably know that he was a stout old fellow with a bald head (who flew a kite with a key fastened to it and signed the Declaration of Independence)．
你或许知道他是位健壮的秃顶老人，曾经把钥匙系在风筝线上，还签署了《独立宣言》。 who flew a kite with a key fastened to it and signed the Declaration of Independence: who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词fellow. with a key fastened to it: 独立主格
由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语, 加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成, 这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词 名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语构成
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。 (1)名词或代词主格 + 分词
①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。
②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步。 (2)名词或代词主格 + 形容词
①Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 ② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧! (3)名词或代词主格 + 不定式
The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。 (4)名词或代词主格 + 介词短语
① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 ② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。 (5)名词或代词主格 + 副词
① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
② The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。 独立主格前面有时可以加上介词with或without，构成介词的复合结构。这种结构在句中主要用作状语，也可用作定语。如：
He stood on the deck with his hand waving to us.（状语） 他站在甲板上向我们频频挥手。
He went out without a hat on his head.（状语） 他头上没戴帽子就出去了。
Do you know the girl with a bag on her back?（定语） 你认识那个后背上背包的女孩吗？
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1. Philadelphia?s fire loss became so low that the first fire-insurance company in the United Sates was soon set up there． so…that…: 如此…以至于….
2. He also persuaded the city to pave and light its streets. Again, the fact that people had trouble keeping their houses warm in winter set Franklin‘s active mind to work． that people had trouble keeping their houses warm in winter:为同位语从句 3. be to blame
blame作名词时，表示责备，归咎，过失。
blame作动词时：（比名词常用）是及物动词，一般用blame sb (for...). 但在习惯用法be to blame中表示被动意义：应该受责备。 常考句型：
(1) blame sb. 指责，责备某人。
如：You don't have to blame yourself. 你不用自责。 (2) blame sb. for... 因...责怪某人
如：You shouldn't blame him for breaking the vase. (3) blame sth. on... 把某事的责任归咎于...
(4) be to blame for... 因...受责备, 对….负责任 = be responsible for
如：He was to blame for being late for school.
译文：富兰克林擅长实践，一旦发现问题就立即着手解决。费城的房子都是木制的结构，很容易着火。一发生火灾，即使邻里之间都来帮忙救火，也作用不大。因此，富兰克林就组建了一个消防公司。这大大降低了费城的火灾损失，这使美国第一家火灾保险公司得以很快成立了。富兰克林担任了其中一个部门的经理。他还说服市政府为城市铺设道路并安装路灯。此外，富兰克林活跃的思想甚至使他还考虑如何解决人们冬天房间取暖困难这一问题。他判断出问题出在大壁炉这儿，因为壁炉深深地砌在墙里，热量不能充分散发到房间里。于是他就画了一张设计图，并雇铁匠按图纸铸造了一个大肚子的炉子--被称为富兰克林炉子。把炉子放到房间中央，这样热量就能向各个方向散发了。
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1. He was too busy with his discovery to bother with making money. ...too…to… 如此...以至于不能...
eg. Both sides were too angry to reach agreement.
2. Then he had time to spend on other things that seemed more worthwhile． spend vt.
spend some time/efforts in doing something 花费时间/精力做什么 spend some money on something 花费多少买东西 vi. 度过（时光）
3. What he really cared for most of all was science．他真正喜欢的是科学本身。 What he really cared for most of all: 主语从句
译文：富兰克林没有申请发明专利因为虽然四十二岁时，他已经是位富翁了，．但并不是金钱本身使他感兴趣。．他在乎钱是因为有了钱他就不至于为了谋生而忙碌不止他就能摆脱繁琐事务的羁绊把精力投入到他认为更有意义的事情上。他真正喜欢的是科学本身。 Para5
1. What makes things act the way they do? 是什么使物体按照各自的规律运行?
2. but how could you prove it--by coaxing some electricity down his kite string． 但怎样证实呢--他通过风筝线把闪电从天空导下来。 coax: v. 哄，耐心使……
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He answered, ―I am like a worn-out piece of carpet. If there is one corner left which can be useful to my country, I will be honored.‖
他答复到：\我就像一条破旧的地毯，哪怕有一个残留的角能有益于我的祖国，我也感到万分荣兴。\
be useful to：对…有用
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1. turn over 这里意思为“移交，交给”。 2. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 3. set sail for启程去某地
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It was only with the aid of the French fleet that Washington was able to win the war and American independence．
只有在法国舰队的援助下，华盛顿才能率领美国人民赢得这场战争并取得美国独立。 It was… that…..: 强调句
用强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：被强调的部分为“人”时用who(that)，为“物”时用that。
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 It's me who he blamed．他怪的是我。 注意：被强调部分不能是谓语。
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1. He sat through the long arguments on the terms of the Constitution． 他坐着听完了关于宪法条款的长时间的争论。 sit through vt. 看完(听完,一直捱到...结束)
We had to sit through several tedious speeches. 我们只得坐在那里听著几个乏味的讲演. We had to sit through the boring movie. 我们不得不耐着性子看完那部沉闷的电影. Exercise:
As we all know, there are a lot of meetings every day in the world and we have to (_______)many long meetings that are very boring
A sit up B sit dowm C sit back D sit through Answer: sit through
2. Twice，the meetings would have failed if he had not helped the delegates to agree. 如果不是他帮助代表们达成一致，有两次会议都要以失败而告终。
此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，体现在主句would have failed，从句had not helped.
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1.He died a rich man. 他死的时候非常富有。 a rich man为主语补足语，说明主语he的情况。 该句相当于He was a rich man when he died.
2. When he died he did not want people to say, ―He died a rich man.‖All he hoped was that people would remember him and say, ―He led a useful life.‖
他不希望人们在他死后评价说：\他死的时候非常富有。\他所希望的是人们会记着他并说：
\他的一生是有价值的。\All he hoped 主语从句
that people would remember him and say, “He led a useful life.”: that引导的表语从句。
LESSON 6
Text A
Language Points
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1.all over the world 2.mention
3. in particular特别，尤其
He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean. 他专门研究印度洋的鱼类。
The engineer in particular must be able to communicate his ideas to others rapidly and accurately. 工程技术人员尤其必须能够迅速而准确地将自己的想法传达给别人。
4.but people do not always realize (what place these institutions occupy in the whole of educational system)(宾语从句).
5.Oxford and Cambridge are universities (each having about 12,000 students out of a total of over 250,000 students at all British universities)（现在分词短语作定语）. 6. in spite of =despite （不管，不顾，尽管，虽然） eg: I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨我仍外出了。
7.but independent and private secondary schools(taking boys from the age 13 to 18 years.)（现在分词短语作定语）. 8. in reality实际上, 事实上
eg:In reality, things always happen out of expectation. 现实中，事情总是出乎意料地发生。
It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是个万事通, 其实他是再愚蠢不过了。 9.one out of 40...
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（Apart from the so-called public schools）there is a complete system of state primary and secondary education, （which resembles in general the state education in most other