小组活动和工余活动来提升聋人人际交往能力，利用聋人现有的人际支持优势来进一步拓展和完善聋人人际支持网络。第二，职业及企业管理方式干预。职业干预包括基于聋人优势进行职业布位、针对聋人专长开展职业培训以及肯定聋人业绩并完善其职位晋升机制；企业管理方式干预主要包括立足聋人优势巩固原有管理路径以及管理方式的创新。第三，社会舆论及制度环境干预。舆论环境干预主要利用现行聋文化在我国的讨论下新的聋人观的传播，来改变社会对于聋人的舆论评价。制度干预则主要包括帮助聋人合理利用现有的政策制度支持优势并立足聋人优势对现行的聋人教育制度及就业制度的改革和完善提出建议。
关键词：聋人；困境；优势视角；干预
II
THE RESEARCH ABOUT THE INTERWENTION OF DEAF PEOPLE'S TROUBLE FROM THE STRENGTH
PERSPECTIVE
——TAKE THE SURVEY OF WELFARE ENTERPRISE Z OF
WUYI COUNTRY ZHEJIANG PROVINCE AS AN
EXAMPLE
ABSTRACT
As the disabled people are part of social vulnerable groups, the current situation of their survival and development can indirectly reflect the civilization level of a country. Since the reform and opening-up, undertakings for disabled people in our country have achieved significant development and the social participation of disabled people has been greatly enhanced. However, the social status of disabled people is still at a low level and problems concerning disabled people still exist. As the members of disabled people, deaf people are confronted with multiple challenges and predicaments in various fields of the society. Welfare enterprises are special enterprises for providing employment opportunities for disabled people in which the number of deaf people account for a certain percentage. In this paper, through investigating the deaf group of Z welfare enterprise of Wuyi County Zhejiang Province, which objectively reflects the predicaments faced by deaf people in the welfare enterprise, the author fully explores and displays the potentialities of deaf people themselves and the environment and resource advantages from the strengths perspective, and finally combines the strengths perspective and the work of deaf people to put forward corresponding suggestions for the predicaments of deaf people.
Firstly, the paper is based on field survey, objectively reflecting the predicaments
III
confronted by deaf people in the welfare enterprise, which mainly include four aspects. The first one is the predicament of interpersonal communication, including the communication predicament between deaf people and healthy people and the communication predicament within the deaf group. The second one is the cultural predicament, including the predicament of a low cultural level and the predicament of insufficient reception of reeducation. The third one is the occupational predicament, including four aspects, namely, the predicament of job hunting, the predicament of occupational adjustment, the predicament of suffering unfair treatment during the job process and the predicament of limited occupational mobility. The fourth one is the predicament of suffering rejection in the management, including the unintentional rejection due to unsmooth communication and the intentional rejection caused by social management prejudice and management difficulty.
Secondly, the author gives an analysis about the advantages of deaf people from the strengths perspective. First, the author summarizes and analyzes the basic viewpoints about the work of deaf people under the strengths perspective through comparing with the work of deaf people under the problem perspective, and then displays the advantages of deaf people from two aspects of the advantages of deaf people themselves and environmental advantages. The advantages of deaf people themselves mainly include skills and specialties, positive desire and inner resilience. The environmental advantages of deaf people mainly include current policy support, the discussion about deaf culture and the construction of new viewpoint of deaf people, current caring settings in the welfare enterprise, support from communities and associations, and the support from families and friends.
Finally, the author applies the strengths perspective to the practical work of deaf people and puts forward corresponding suggestions from four aspects. The first suggestion is the intervention in the psychology and interpersonal communication. The psychological intervention is through urging deaf people to acknowledge their own advantages so as to establish a brand new self-concept; the intervention in interpersonal communication is through developing group activities and spare time
IV
activities centering on the advantages of deaf people to promote their interpersonal skills, and using the current interpersonal support to further expand and perfect the interpersonal support network of deaf people. The second suggestion is the intervention in the occupation and enterprise management methods. The occupational intervention includes occupational positioning based on the advantages of deaf people, conducting vocational training with the specialties of deaf people, acknowledging the performance of deaf people and perfecting their promotion mechanism; the intervention in the enterprise management methods include consolidating previous management route and innovating the management methods based on the advantages of deaf people. The third suggestion is the intervention in the public opinion environment and system environment. The intervention in public opinion environment mainly uses the current discussion of deaf culture to broadcast new viewpoint of deaf people so as to change the society’s public evaluation for deaf people. The intervention in the system environment mainly includes helping deaf people reasonably use current policy support and putting forward suggestions for reforming and perfecting current educational system and employment system for deaf people based on the advantages of deaf people.
Key words: deaf people; predicament; strengths perspective; intervention
V
III