SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY
硕士学位论文
论文题目
研究生姓名 指导教师姓名 专业名称
刘 梅 周 宏 教授 马克思主义哲学 马克思主义哲学基本原理 论奥托·鲍威尔的国家观
研究方向
2013年4月
论文提交日期
论奥托·鲍威尔的国家观 中文摘要
中文摘要
奥托·鲍威尔（1881—1938）是一战至二战期间奥地利社会民主党的领导人，作为“奥地利马克思主义”的主要理论家，他在国家学说上的主要观点对两次世界大战期间的奥地利的发展起到了举足轻重的作用。同时，这些观点也深刻影响了欧洲的民主社会主义道路的发展。在某种意义上说，一个人的思想理论的发展都是对其所处的时代条件的深刻反映。针对国际无产阶级斗争和奥地利的社会历史的特殊状况下，奥托·鲍威尔提出了自己在国家理论上的一些观点，诸如“阶级力量均势论”、“职能民主论”、“社会力量因素论”等国家观点，为我们展现了一条具有奥地利本国特点的发展道路。但是，由于受到时代条件的限制，鲍威尔被认为是修正主义和机会主义的代表，他的思想理论和著作遭到全面批判和否定，这和我们客观评价一个人在历史上应有的地位是不相符合的。因此，本文通过系统地梳理鲍威尔的国家理论，着力阐析鲍威尔对国家理论基本思想的理解，探究其对马克思主义国家理论的有益贡献和缺陷，认真发掘在国家理论理解上变化的原因，为全面而准确地理解鲍威尔对国家理论的理解做些基础性的研究，也为从辩证唯物主义的角度把握马克思主义的国家学说提供理论启示。
本文分为五个部分：第一部分引言，简单概括了奥托·鲍威尔和“奥地利马克思主义”，阐述了问题提出的原因和研究现状；第二部分简要说明了马克思主义经典作家关于国家学说的基本核心内容；第三部分从五个方面分别论述了鲍威尔国家理论的具体内容，即“阶级力量均势论”、“职能民主论”、“社会力量因素论”、“防御性暴力论”以及“整体社会主义”，在此基础上，说明了这些观点与马克思主义的国家学说的内在联系；第四部分，主要是对鲍威尔提出的这一国家理论的观点进行评析，详细阐述了鲍威尔的国家理论的贡献与局限性，并指出鲍威尔这一国家学说对当代中国的启示；第五部分结论，对本文做一个总结以及文章存在的缺陷。
关键词：奥托·鲍威尔 奥地利马克思主义 马克思主义 国家理论
作 者：刘 梅 指导教师：周 宏
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Abstract On the state theory of Otto Bauer
On the state theory of Otto Bauer
Abstract
Otto Bauer (1881-1938) was one of the main leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Austria during the two wars. As one of the Austrian Marxist theorists, Otto Bauer played a pivotal role in the development of socialism in Austria as well as the subsequent development of Democratic Socialism in Europe. Any kind of ideas are the product of a specific historical period. Based on the special situation of the international struggle of the proletariat and the social history of Austria, Otto Bauer brought forward some theories on the national issues, such as “equilibrium in the class struggle”, “ the functions of democratic theory\to socialism with Austria characteristics. However, because of the limitations of the times, Bauer was considered to be the representatives of revisionism and opportunism. His theories and works were criticized and neglected. This didn’t match with his status on the history of the socialism. Therefore, this paper systematically sorted out Bauer's theory of the state and described Bauer’s understanding of the basic idea of the theory of the state. We can explore a useful contribution and defects about the Marxist theory of the state, and changes in the understanding of national theory. On the one hand, it can do some basic research to understand Bauer’s the theory of the state comprehensively and accurately. On the other hand, it can also provide a theoretical grasp of Marxism from the perspective of dialectical materialism revelation.
This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, briefly summarized Otto Bauer and \Marxist\elaborates the reasons and the present situation of research. The second section provides a brief description of the basic cores of the classic writers of Marxism theory of the state content. The third part discusses the specific contents of the national theory of Bauer,such as “equilibrium in the class struggle”, “ the functions of democratic theory\\power theory”, “defensive force theory” and “the whole socialism”. Based on these points, we can describe the
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On the state theory of Otto Bauer Abstract
internal relations between Bauer’s theory and the Marxist’s theory of the state. The fourth part mainly expounds how to evaluate Bauer 's theory of the state and to illustrate the contributions and problems through the analysis of Bauer 's state theory and the enlightenment of contemporary China. The fifth part is the conclusion to make a summary about the research of this paper and study of deficiency and defect.
Key words: Otto Bauer
Austria Marxism the Marxism the state theory Written by: Liu Mei Supervised by: Zhou Hong
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