《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
IV. Homework:
《新世纪大学英汉翻译教程》 （P. 46）
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
◇Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2
◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period） ◇Teaching Objectives：
1． Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese. 2． Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating. ◇Key Teaching Points：
The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles. ◇Difficult Teaching Points:
The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process ◇Teaching Contents:
I. Thinking Style and Diction
A. Insubstantial（虚）vs. Substantial（实）
1. Embodiment
e.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak
economy.
译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至连续的战争）、经济低迷等一系列．．．．．．
重大的不确定因素。 ．．2. Visualization
e.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声
e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals. 译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进了四分之一决赛。 ．．
B. Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动） Examples:
1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:
a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud. b) The pop star‘s presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause. 2) Translate the following sentence:
They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople. 译：他们不仅雇佣工人也雇佣经理。 ．．．．
II. Thinking Style and Syntax
A. Hypotaxis（从属结构）vs. Parataxis（并列结构）
e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson that
history offers us – namely, that the ―great breakthroughs‖ in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave. （流水句）
译：在任何技术取得―重大突破‖之前，我们的行为和对自己的看法都会发生剧变
——这便是历史给我们的教训。遗憾的是，托马斯大夫似乎并未真正理解这一．．．
点。 （竹节句） ．
B. Impersonal vs. Personal
1. Inanimate noun (无灵名词) as subject
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
e.g. Doubts began to creep into people‘s minds about the likely success of the
project. 译：人们渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。 ．．
2. Preparatory word: it
e.g. It hurts! (―it‖: unspecified word 虚义词) ——好疼！ e.g. It just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets. 译：我忽然想起还欠你音乐会的门票钱。 ．
3. Passive voice (hidden agent/doer)
e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China. 译：人们普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。 ．．
C. Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）
Examples:
1) We could only build one house with these materials. 译：这些材料只够我们盖一栋房子。 ．．．．
2) I regard it as an honor that I am invited to your wedding. 译：被邀请参加您的婚礼，我感到很荣幸。 ．．．．．．．．．3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting. 译：他早期绘画的特征是色彩明亮、笔触大胆。 ．．．．．．．．
III. Homework
1. Now that you are in for it, you must carry on. 2. Cigarettes were the death of me.
3. If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening
does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. 4. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. 5. Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.
6. They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life
such as gas and electricity.
7. Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.
8. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in
serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
9. By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of
200 Belgian and French lives.
10. It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies.
Reference versions:
1. 你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。（形象化） 2. 香烟断送了我的性命。（静－动）
3. 上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷，还
是将伞送至布劳德街10号为妙。（流水句－竹节句） 4. 施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。（省略连接词） 5. 她唉声叹气，这说明她不快乐。（物称－人称）
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
6. 他们住的地方没有自来水，也没有煤气和电这类生活上的便利设施。（主语－主题）
7. 戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由、更富想象力。（被动－主动：受事者＋动词） 8. 如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物
质，也会引起严重的疾病。（被动句－泛称句） 9. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为
代价的。（施事者直接作主语）
10. 应当指出，他和她是极为密切的盟友。（被动句－无主句）
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
◇Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (2) Week 3
◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period） ◇Teaching Objectives：
1． Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese. 2． Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating. ◇Key Teaching Points：
1． Lexical differences; 2． Syntactic differences. ◇Difficult Teaching Points:
The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process ◇Teaching Contents:
I. Comment on the homework
II. Lexical Differences
A. Word meaning
1. Exact equivalent
e.g. the Pacific Ocean; palace (**compare with dragon) 2. No equivalent
e.g. mascon, cosplay → a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco) 3. Partial equivalent
a. Polysemy（一词多义） e.g. aunt, bird, drink, homely
e.g. to cut wheat / cake / finger-nails e.g. to have dinner to have a beard
to have very little Spanish
to have doubts about their loyalty to have a letter from my cousin to have a difficult time
b. Homonymy（同形/ 同音异义） e.g. can; lead; bill; reed / read c. Fixed expressions
e.g. ready money / pocket money / easy money / hard money e.g. It‘s six of one and half a dozen of the other.
B. Word order
1. Attributive modifiers
Examples:
1) something important 重要的事 ．．
2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代诗人 ．．．．
3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一个身材瘦小的叫化子，面黄肌．．．．．．．瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微的候选人 ．．．．．．2. Adverbial modifiers
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