专业英语翻译教案(7)

2019-03-28 19:08

《翻译》(1)课程大纲及教案

5. 在新大陆生活了十年之后,欧洲移民已经适应了这里的水土、气候和季节变化。

6. 这些发展中国家地大物博,人口众多。

7. 此时这位大臣宁愿那头白象没赐给自己,养又养不起,又不敢送人。

II. 段落翻译:

曾经沿哈得逊河溯流而上的人,必定不会忘记卡茨基尔山脉。那是阿巴拉契亚山系的一条旁支,从河的西岸远远望去,群山拔地而起,高耸入云,君临一方。季节的每一次更替,天气的每一次变化,乃至一天中每个时辰的流逝,都会使它们奇妙的色泽和形状有所变幻,故而被远近的主妇们视为最佳晴雨表。天气持续晴朗时,千山万壑身披蓝紫相间的衣衫,雄峻的轮廓映衬着傍晚澄澈的天空,显得格外清晰;有时周围地区万里无云,山顶却笼着一层灰蒙蒙的薄雾,在落日的余晖中,似一顶灿烂的皇冠熠熠生辉。

在这缥缈如仙境的群山脚下,船上的旅客也许会看到,就在淡蓝的山色与较近处那片青翠葱茏的景致交融的地方,袅袅炊烟正从一座村落的上空升起,几簇屋顶在绿树掩映中若隐若现。这是个非常古老的小村庄,是荷兰殖民者在该州(该郡)成立初期所建,当时仁慈的彼得〃斯图佛逊1(愿他在地下安息!)刚开始执政不久。前两年这里还遗留着几所最早的移民的房屋,都是用荷兰运来的小黄砖造的,格子窗,人字门墙(正面是山形墙),屋顶装着风向标(风信鸡)。

凡是在哈得孙河上游航行过的人,必定记得卡兹吉尔从山,那是阿帕拉契亚山脉的一支断脉,在河的西岸,巍巍然高耸云端,威凌四周的乡村。四季的每一转换,气候的每一变化,乃至一天中每一小时,都能使这些山峦的奇幻的色彩和形状变换。远近的好主妇会把它们看作精确的晴雨表。天气晴朗平稳的时候,它们披上蓝紫相间的衣衫,把它们雄浑的轮廓印在傍晚清澄的天空上,但有时,虽然四处万里无云,山顶上却聚着一团灰雾,在落日的余晖照耀下,象一顶灿烂的皇冠似的放射着异彩。

在这些神奇的从山脚下,航行的旅客有时会看见轻烟从一座村落里袅袅而上,树丛中隐约地闪露出农家的木屋顶,那正好是山上的青葱转变为近处一片新绿的地方。这是一座非常古老的小村庄,是荷兰殖民者在这个州成立初期建造起来的,正当好心的彼得〃斯太弗山特2

(愿他在地下安眠!)开始执政的时候;不久以前,这里还有几所最初来此定居的人的房屋,它们都是用荷兰运来的小黄砖造的,格子窗,人字门墙,屋顶上装着风信鸡。(万紫、雨宁译,《欧文短篇小说选:瑞普〃凡〃温克尔》)

1

彼得〃斯图佛逊(1592?-1672),荷兰殖民统治者,他是新尼德兰的最后一任荷兰总督(1646-1664年),因其苛政而不受人们欢迎,终于1664年被迫将该殖民地拱手让给英国。 2

彼得〃斯太弗山特(1062-1682),荷兰人,曾任荷兰统治下的新尼德兰(纽约旧名)最后一任总督。

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《翻译》(1)课程大纲及教案

◇Title of Lesson: Repeating Week 9

◇Time Needed:Two periods(40 minutes per period) ◇Teaching Objectives:

Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: repeating. ◇Key Teaching Points:

Repeating for the sake of explicitness ◇Difficult Teaching Points:

The translation of ―n. + substitute‖ ◇Teaching Contents:

? Comment on the Homework ? Repeating

重复在汉语语篇中十分常见,是语篇衔接的一种主要手段。

英语语篇的衔接主要依赖代词、助动词或同义词替换,一般情况下避免重复的出现,这是英语表示衔接的特点;重复原词,不用代词替代原词则是汉语表示衔接的特点。这是说的?用?和?不用?都是相对的,不应该理解成英语不用原词复现和汉语不用代词。

重复法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过增加的是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译与写作一样,本应精练;但为明确、强调和生动,往往需要将一些关键词加以重复。

I. For the sake of explicitness

有些词在英语中无需重复,可是译成汉语就必须重复,否则会造成文理不通或逻辑混乱。 e.g. Gas, oil and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal. 误译:煤气、石油和电炉最常用来热处理金属。

正译:金属热处理最常用的是煤气炉、石油炉和电炉。 A. Repetition of Noun

1. n.+substitute

英语第二次提到讲过的事物时习惯用代替词表示替代,汉语则重复原词。这里的代替词包括物主代词,不定代词,指示代词,同义词,the same, so, do(as), etc. e.g. Jack kicked the ball to Henry and Henry kicked it back to Jack. — 杰克把球踢给亨利,亨利又(把球)踢回给杰克。

e.g. Striking through the thought of his dear ones was a sound he could neither ignore nor understand … He wondered what it was, and whether immeasurably distant or nearby – it seemed both.

— 有一个声音响了起来,刺穿了他对亲人的思念。这声音他既不能充耳不闻,

又不能领会……他不知这声音是什么,到底来自辽远还是发于附近——它似乎亦远亦近。

e.g. Our lab is in Building Four and theirs is in the Main Building. — 我们的实验室在四号楼,他们的实验室在主楼。

e.g. My room is lighter than the one next door. — 我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。

e.g. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is hardly

any in the house.

— 假如你还需要钱,就得去银行取些出来,家里没多少钱了。

e.g. The best watches are those made in Switzerland. — 最好的表是瑞士表。 e.g. Happy families also have their own troubles. — 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。

e.g. Respect for the views of others is easy when these views are like one‘s own. — 当别人的观点和自己的观点一样时,尊重别人的观点是容易的。 e.g. Discount houses do not offer the same services that department stores do. — 折扣商店不提供百货公司提供的那种服务。

e.g. ―I thought the acting was splendid.‖ ―So did I.‖ — ?我认为表演好极了。??我也这样认为。?

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《翻译》(1)课程大纲及教案

e.g. He‘ll come if he said so. — 如果他说要来,他就会来。

e.g. Thank you for your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty. — 感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。 e.g. They asked for promises that be cashed in one week.

— 他们要求得到承诺,而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。

2. n. (+n.)

英语第二次提到讲过的事物时也可能直接省略,这在口语中尤为常见,汉语有时则需重复该名词。这在增译法中已有述及。

e.g. Doctors will get more practice out of me than out of 100 ordinary patients.

— 医生们从我一个人身上得到的临床经验会比从一百个普通病人身上得到

的临床经验还多。

3. v.+v.+n.

英语中两个并列的谓语动词后跟同一个宾语时,往往只保留最后一个宾语,汉语有时习惯重复该名词。

e.g. Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems. — 必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。

4. adj.+ n.+adj. / adj.+n.+n.

当两个并列的形容词修饰同一个名词时,英语常把第二个名词省略,汉语则重复该名词;当同一个形容词形容两个或更多的并列的名词时,英语只用一个形容词,汉语则重复形容词。

e.g. What‘s the difference between a direct question and an indirect?

— 直接疑问句和间接疑问句有什么不同?

e.g. New records and inventions are being made continually. — 新记录和新发明不断产生。

B. Repetition of Verb

英语中一个动词常跟几个宾语或表语,汉译时往往重复这个动词。 e.g. Is he a friend or an enemy? — 他是朋友还是敌人呢?

e.g. They talked about about his family, about his work and about his future. — 他们谈到他的家庭,(谈到)他的工作,还谈到他的前程。

C. Repetition of Pronoun

e.g. Whoever breaks the law should be punished. — 谁犯法,谁就该受到惩罚。 e.g. Whenever you are free, please come and have a talk. — 你什么时候有空,就什么时候过来聊聊。

*英语中常用some…and others…/some…others结构,汉译时常用谓语连用?的字结构?,有时也可以用 ?有的…有的…?句式。

e.g. On Sundays, some review their lessons and others go window-shopping. — 星期天,有的复习功课,有的去逛街。(星期天,复习功课的复习功课,

逛街的逛街。)

e.g. In 1974, we graduated from the middle school. Some entered college, others

joined the army and I became a teacher in my village.

— 1974年,我们高中毕业。有的上大学去了,有的参军了,我则回村做了

教师。

II. For the sake of emphasis

为了强调,英语中往往重复关键词,以使读者加深印象。汉译时可以采用同样手段。 A. 英文中有重复的词,译文也重复同样的词

32

《翻译》(1)课程大纲及教案

e.g. Gentlemen may cry peace, peace, – but there is no peace.

— 先生们尽管高喊和平,和平,但是依然没有和平。

e.g. ?Day by day we are moving closer to Bagdad. Day byday we are moving closer to

victory.‖

— ?我们一天天逼近巴格达,我们一天天接近胜利。? e.g. Blood must atone for blood. — 血债要用血来还。

e.g. Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent bookshelf are the

12-volumn Encyclopaedia Britannica.

— 在最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中最显眼的要数12卷的不列颠百科全书了。

B. 英文中有重复的词,译文则使用不同的重复词

e.g. She would read and re-read the letter. — 她会把那封信一遍又一遍地反复读。 e.g. Their business was on the up-and-up.

— 他们的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越红火。

III. For the sake of vividness

英语原文中即使没有词的重复,翻译时为使译文生动,有时也采用一些重复手段。 A. 运用叠词

运用重叠词是汉语的一种重要修辞手段,如?年年岁岁花相似,岁岁年年人不同 ?、?寻寻觅觅,凄凄惨惨戚戚?等。还有一种迭词,如把?清楚?说成?清清楚楚?,?明白?说成?明明白白?等。英译汉时,可运用叠词,特别是四字重叠词组,使译文生动、通顺。

e.g. I was completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. — 我的回答是坦坦荡荡,直言不讳的。

e.g. His children were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. — 他的孩子穿得破破烂烂,粗野不堪,就象没有父母似的。

e.g. With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we are sore perplexed.

— 他老是磨磨蹭蹭,马马虎虎,脾气又好得惊人,我们都对他毫无办法。

B. 运用对仗

英语对仗句式前后两部分常有词的重复,译成汉语时应尽可能保持同样词的重复。

e.g. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. — 以眼还眼,以牙还牙。 e.g. Out of sight, out of mind. — 眼不见,心不念。

C. 运用四字对偶词组

汉语中有不少四字对偶词组,四个字中前后两对字形成对偶,往往具有相同或相似的意思,所以也是一种重复。

e.g. great contributions 丰功伟绩 gratitude 感恩戴德 ingratitude忘恩负义 eternal glory to永垂不朽 prosperity繁荣昌盛 hesitate犹豫不决 arrogant高傲自大 careless粗心大意 street gossip街谈巷议 rumors 流言蜚语

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《翻译》(1)课程大纲及教案

? Homework

I. Presentation task

1. Bombing foreign embassy is a clear violation of international law – in particular of the Geneva Convention.

2. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 3. Every country has its own customs.

4. Now, radar is a commonly used technique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility.

5. The space probe passed within 6,000 miles of Mars and transmitted back to the earth some pictures of the surface of that planet. 6. John is more English than the English. 7. That fellow is worse than bad. 8. There are books and books.

9. I had met with great difficulty in learning organic chemistry.

II. Homework

In the beginning, Sanford Carter was ashamed of becoming an army cook. This was not from snobbery, at least not from snobbery of the most direct sort. During the two and a half years Carter had been in the army he had come to hate cooks more and more. They existed for him as a symbol of all that was corrupt, overbearing, stupid, and privileged in army life. The image which came to mind was a fat cook with an enormous sandwich in one hand, and a bottle of beer in the other, sweat pouring down a porcine face, foot on a flour barrel, shouting at the K.P.s ?Hurry up, you men, I ain‘t got all day‘. More than once in those two and a half years, driven to exasperation, Carter had been on the verge of throwing his food into a cook‘s face as he passed on the serving line. His anger often derived from nothing: the set of a pair of fat lips, the casual heavy thump of the serving spoon into his plate, or the resentful conviction that the cook was not serving him enough. Since life in the army was in most aspects a marriage, this rage over apparently harmless details was not a sign of unbalance. Every soldier found some particular habit of the army spouse impossible to support.

Reference version: I. Sentence Translation

1. 轰炸外国大使馆显然违反了国际法,尤其是违反了《日内瓦公约》。 2. 水可由能量来分解,所谓能量也就是电流。 3. 各国有各国的风俗。

4. 现在,雷达是一种常用的东西,利用雷达可以看到视线之外的东西。

5. 太空探测器在不到六千英里处飞过了火星,并把火星表面的一些照片发回了地球。 6. 约翰是地地道道的英国人(约翰比英国人还象英国人)。 7. 那家伙坏得不能再坏了(坏透了)。 8. 书有种种,好坏不一。

9. 在学有机化学这门课时,我遇到了重重困难。

II. Paragraph Translation

一开始,桑弗〃卡特觉得在部队里当个炊事兵怪丢脸的。这并不是由于势利眼,至少不是那种丝毫不加掩饰的势利眼。他已经在部队里呆了两年半光景,对炊事兵越来越反感。对他来说,他们的存在是部队生活里一切腐败、专横、愚蠢和特权的象征。一想到炊事兵,脑子里就浮现出一个(脑子里浮现出来的炊事兵形象是个)肥头大耳的家伙,一手拿一大块三

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