《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
7. He becomes extremely excited whenever he talks about his hometown –
mountains, waters, flowers, plants, fishes and birds.
B. Translate the following passages:
I will tell you what literature is! No – I only wish I could. But I can‘t. No one can.
Gleams can be thrown on the secret, inklings given, but no more. I will try to give you an inkling. And, to do so, I will take you back into your own history, or forward into it. That evening when you went for a walk with your faithful friend, the friend from whom you hid nothing – or almost nothing! You were, in truth, somewhat inclined to hide from him the particular matter which monopolized your mind that evening, but somehow you contrived to get onto to it, drawn by an overpowering fascination. And as your faithful friend was sympathetic and discreet, and flattered you by a respectful curiosity, you proceeded further and further into the said matter, growing more and more confidential, until at last you cried out, in a terrific whisper: ―My boy, she is simply miraculous!‖ At that moment you were in the domain of literature. Reference version: A. 句子翻译：
1. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 2. 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。
3. 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过多、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。
4. 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸的表层土壤。 5. 历代帝王都把老百姓视为草芥。 6. 过勇则蛮，过仁则懦，过俭则贪。
7. 他一说起家乡来就很兴奋，什么山啦，水啦，花啦，草啦，鱼啦，鸟啦等等。
B. 段落翻译：
我来告诉你们什么是文学！不——但愿我可以，可我说不上来。也没人能说明白。关于文学的奥秘，我们只能窥见一线微光，感受到一点模糊的印象（提示），仅此而已（再多就办不到了）。我就试着给大家提供这么一个印象（提示）吧。要做到这一点，我得带你重返你亲身经历过的一幕场景，也可能你将来才会有这样的经历：某天傍晚，你和你的挚友一起散步，对他你是无话不谈——或者几乎是无话不谈！那晚有件不同寻常的事一直占据着你的心思，说实话，你原本是想对他保守秘密的。然而这事却有一股无法抗拒的吸引力，不知怎么你就有意无意地谈到了它（不知怎的你还是拐弯抹角地谈到了它）。你的那位挚友慎重而富有同情心（善解人意，说话又小心），再说他那副急于洗耳恭听的模样也让你颇有点得意，于是你对这个话题越谈越深，越谈越推心臵腹，最后你竟激动地低声喊了出来：?兄弟，她真的是不可思议！?那一刻你便已臵身于文学的殿堂（境界）了。
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
◇Title of Lesson: Cutting Week 7
◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period） ◇Teaching Objectives：
Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: cutting words. ◇Key Teaching Points： 1． Cutting pronouns 2． Cutting conjunctions 3． Cutting articles
4． Cutting prepositions 5． Cutting repeated phrases ◇Difficult Teaching Points:
1． Cutting pronouns 2． Cutting conjunctions 3． Cutting repeated phrases ◇Teaching Contents:
? Presentation & Comment on the Homework
? Cutting words
From the Grammatical Aspect I. Cutting pronouns
A. Cutting the pronoun as subject
1. 根据汉语习惯，后句主语若与前句相同，不必重复出现。
e.g. But it‘s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. — 不过我就是这个脾气，虽然竭力想改，终究还是改不了。 2.泛指人称代词作主语时，即便是第一个主语，也往往省略掉。 e.g. You can never tell. — 很难说。 e.g. We eat to live, but not live to eat.
— 吃饭是为了活着，可活着不是为了吃饭。
e.g. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist. — 不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。
B. Cutting the pronoun as object
e.g. This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds. — 这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单。
e.g. Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
— 交出翻译之前必须多读几遍，看看里面有没有要修改的地方。 C. Cutting the possessive pronoun
e.g. For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.
— 连着两星期他都在观察房子的情况，检查各个房间，查看线路、通道和花园的布局。
e.g. The train came. He pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother‘s neck and then was away.
— 火车来了。他疼爱地捏了捏小妹妹，粗壮的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后就走了。
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
D. Cutting the pronoun in comparative sentence
e.g. The climate in Switzerland is absolutely different from that in Somalia. — 瑞士的气候与索马里截然不同。 E. Cutting ―it‖
A） Cutting ―it‖ as impersonal pronoun
e.g. Outside it was raining cats and dogs as she shut the door. — 她关门时外面正下着滂沱大雨。
B） Cutting ―it‖ as emphatic pronoun
e.g. It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told. — 直到那时我才开始怀疑，我的经历究竟能不能公诸于众。
II. Cutting conjunctions
1.1 Cutting the coordinating conjunction
e.g. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.
— 他认为国家安全委员会机构过于庞大臃肿，人多嘴杂，容易泄密。
e.g. Your parents or your wife or your son or your best friends might be expecting you back home safe and sound.
— 也许你的父母，妻儿，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。 1.2 Cutting the subordinate conjunction A) 省略表示原因的连接词
e.g. We knew that summer was coming, as we could see a swallow. — 我们看见一只燕子，知道夏天就要来临了。
e.g. Because the departure was not easy, we‘d better make it brief. — 离别不是件容易的事（离别真叫人难受），我们还是简短些吧。 B) 省略表示条件的连接词
e.g. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
— 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（雪莱《西风颂》） e.g. I would not have said it if I had known it. — 早知如此我就不说了。 C) 省略表示时间的连接词
e.g. When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.
— 最后他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，悲哀地看着他的小妹妹。
e.g. At long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.
— 1944年6月6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，盟军终于在这一天开辟了延迟了很久的西线战场。
III. Cutting articles
e.g. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. — 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子构成。（类别） e.g. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. — 月亮从海上冉冉升起。（独一无二的事物）
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
e.g. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
— 我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。（特指）
但在下列情况中冠词不能省略：
A) 不定冠词 ―a(n)‖ 强调数目?一?或?每一?、?同一?时：
e.g. twice a week; birds of a feather 同一种类的鸟
e.g. He left without saying a word. — 他一句话不说就走了。 B) 定冠词 ―the‖ 强调?这?、?那?时：
e.g. This is the boy who broke our window five minutes ago, sir!
IV. Cutting prepositions
e.g. The difference between the two machines consists in power. — 这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。
e.g. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.0008. — 氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.0008。
**一般说来，表示时间和地点的介词短语放在译文句首时大都可省。 e.g. The battle began at 11:00 p.m. — 夜晚11点，战役打响了。（比较：战役在夜晚11点打响。） e.g. An ancient castle stood on the edge of the cliff. — 悬崖边矗立着一座古堡。（比较：一座古堡矗立在悬崖边。）
V. Cutting verbs
e.g. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. — 气压低，沸点就低。
e.g. Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do. — 如同液体和气体一样，固体也会膨胀和收缩。
From the Rhetorical Aspect 1 Cutting the repeated phrase
e.g. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.
— 那时打我、让我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少少各式各样的人。
2 Cutting words which are not necessary
e.g. His younger sister is an actress. — 他妹妹是个（女）演员。
e.g. As scheduled, Chinese and American diplomats met on January 20, at the Chinese Embassy in Poland. It was their first get-together in more than two years.
— 中美两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在波兰的中国大使馆会晤。这是两
年多来的第一次。
e.g. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. — 报考大学的人，有工作经验的将优先录取。
? Homework I. Sentence Translation
1. But Humboldt never took to them. He disliked their affluent way of life, with plenty of
food and drink and all the work done for them by the Indians. As far as Humboldt was
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
II.
concerned, they only did him one positive service. They took his letters and saw that they were sent to his friends in Europe.
They went in to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness. Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, morale remained intact, and people still smile in the street.
She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she had blushed all the time.
After a decade on the new continent, the immigrants from Europe had fitted themselves to the land，the climate and the rhythm of its seasons.
These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
The minister wished now that he had not been given the white elephant, for he could not afford to feed it and he dared not give it away.
Paragraph translation:
Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the kaatskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the Appalachian family, and are seen away to the west of the river, swelling up to a noble height and lording it over the surrounding country. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains, and they are regarded by all the good wives far and near as perfect barometers. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but sometimes when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits, which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.
At the foot of these fairy mountains, the voyager may have described the light smoke curling up from a village whose single-roofs gleam among the trees just where the blue tints of the upland melt away into the fresh green of the nearer landscape. It is a little village of great antiquity, having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists in the early times of the province, just about the beginning of the government of the good Peter Stuyvesant (may he rest in peace!), and there were some of the houses of the original settlers standing within a few years, built of small yellow bricks brought from Holland, having latticed windows and gable fronts, surmounted with weather-cocks.
Reference version: I. 句子翻译
1. 然而洪保德决不喜欢他们——他们生活奢华，大吃大喝，而且事无巨细全都扔给印
第安人做。就洪保德而言，他们只给他办过一件好事，就是收下了他的信，并让人稳妥地送到他在欧洲的朋友手中。
2. 他们进屋用餐。美酒佳肴不久就发生了作用，他们的交谈不仅没有恶言恶语，甚至
还颇为友好。
3. 尽管物资匮乏，伤亡增加，但士气并未受到影响，街上的人照常会面带笑容。 4. 她又行了一个屈膝礼，要不是她的脸一直都红得那么厉害，这会儿说不定还会涨得
更红些呢。
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