《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，猪似的肥脸上淌着大汗珠子，一脚蹬在面粉桶上，冲着炊事值勤嚷
嚷：?麻利点，你们这帮家伙，我可没那么多闲工夫！（利索点，小子，我可不想整天都耗在这儿！）?在那两年半时间里，卡特不止一次在排队领饭的时候，出于一时气愤，差点儿把饭菜整个扣在炊事兵脸上。往往只是为了芝麻大点小事就惹他一肚子火：炊事兵长了两片厚嘴唇啦，舀菜的大勺不小心铛的一声碰了他的盘子啦；要不就是认定炊事兵给的饭菜分量不足而忿忿不平。说真的，部队生活本来在许多方面就象是一场婚姻；为了明明是无关紧要的琐事而发一通脾气，这并不是一种心理紊乱的迹象，每个士兵都会在部队这个配偶（这另一半）身上发现某种叫人难以忍受的怪癖。
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
◇Title of Lesson: Negating Week 10
◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period） ◇Teaching Objectives：
Introduce to the students one of the translating methods: negating. ◇Key Teaching Points：
1) Negating as a translation method; 2) Traps in negative expressions ◇Difficult Teaching Points: 1) Double negation;
2) Traps in negative expressions ◇Teaching Contents:
? Presentation & Comment on the Homework ? Negating
英语、汉语中均有从正面或反面来表达一种概念的现象。翻译时，英语中正面表达的词或句子，译文中可从反面表达；英语中反面表达的词或句子，译文中可从正面表达，这种翻译手法称为反译法。这里所谓的反面表达，主要是指在英语中用了?no, not, never?等否定词或?de-, dis-, non-, im-, in-, un-, -less?等否定性词缀的词；在汉语中用了?不、非、无、没、没有、未、否、别、休、甭、孬、莫、勿、毋?等否定意义的字。
I. Affirmative in English ??Negative in Chinese
A. Word
e.g. Such a chance was denied (to) me. (v.) — 我没有得到这样一个机会。 e.g. The first bombs missed the target. (v.) — 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 e.g. This summer is predictably hotter. (ad.) — 不出所料，今年夏天更热。 e.g. Time is what we want most, what, alas, many use worst. (ad.)
—时间是我们最缺少的，可叹的是，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。
e.g. The plan is not final. (a.) — 这计划并不是不可改变的。 e.g. I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man. (a.) — 我拜读过你的大作，没想到你这样年轻。 e.g. What you‘ve said is above me. (prep.) — 你说的我不懂。 e.g. It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.) — 他无权签订这种合同。 e.g. After you! (prep.) — 您先请！（虽然没有否定词，但?先?与?after?相对） e.g. The soldiers would fight to death before they surrender. (conj.) — 战士们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。
e.g. They feel great anxiety about his sickness. (n.) —他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安 B. Phrase
e.g. The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt. — 证据确凿，不容臵疑。
e.g. The explanation is far from being satisfactory. — 这个解释远不能令人满意。 e.g. The criminal is still at large. — 罪犯还未捉拿归案。
e.g. They will prove worthy of the Party's trust. — 他们不会辜负党对他们的信任。
C. Sentence
e.g. He is nearly 60,but he carried his years lightly. — 他已年近花甲，可并不显老。
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
e.g. More haste, less speed. — 欲速则不达。
e.g. All you need is a good heart, most people assume, and the rest will take care of itself.
— 大多数人认为，你只需要有一副好心肠，其余的事情便不用操心了。
II. Negative in English ??Affirmative in Chinese
A. Word
e.g. The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping baby. (v.) — 母亲小心翼翼地从熟睡的宝宝手里抽出自己的手。 e.g. He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. (ad.) — 他草草扫了一眼那张便条就走了。
e.g. He was dishonorably discharged from the army for his cowardice in the battle. — 由于他在战场上的懦弱行为，他很不光彩地被部队开除了。 e.g. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. (a.) — 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。
e.g. Hitler‘s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with world-wide
condemnation. (a.)
— 希特勒对犹太人明目张胆的迫害遭到了全世界的谴责。 e.g. He took an instinctive dislike to the woman. (n.) — 他本能地讨厌那女人。 B. Phrase
e.g. Don‘t lose time in posting this letter. — 赶快把这封信寄出去。 e.g. The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. — 调查结果清楚地说明病人是死于癌症。
e.g. Students, with no exception, are to have physical examinations this afternoon.. — 今天下午全部的学生都要进行体检。
C. Sentence
e.g. Such behavior couldn‘t long escape notice. — 这样的行为早晚会被人发觉的。 e.g. Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.
— 他忽然听见背后有动静，便立刻意识到车库里还有别人。
e.g. I never go past the house but I think of the happy moments I spent there. — 我每次走过那所房子，都会想起在那里度过的快乐时光。 e.g. No man can have too much knowledge and practice. — 知识和实践越多越好。
III. Affirmative / Negative Both Applicable
e.g. I am new to the work. — 这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。） e.g. It is no less than a farce. — 这简直就是一出闹剧。（这无异于一出闹剧。） e.g. He realized that he was in trouble. — 他意识到自己遇上麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。） e.g. The works of art were left intact, the money gone. — 艺术品还好好的，钱却不见了。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞了。）
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
e.g. The station is no distance at all.
— 车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）
IV. Double Negation
e.g. There is no rule that has no exception. — 任何规则都有例外。 e.g. There is not any advantage without disadvantage. — 有利必有弊。 e.g. It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. — 人无完人。
V. Traps in Negative Expressions
英语句子中，有的否定词会造成句子的否定转移；有的否定词看上去是否定靠近它的成分，实际上是否定离它较远的东西；有的否定词在不同的上下文中可以是全部否定，也可以是局部否定；有的否定词和其他否定词连用，句子成了肯定的意思；也有的否定词和其他词语搭配，形成了固定的意义，再也不能从字面上来理解，等等。因此，在翻译时要格外注意否定的陷阱。 not … because
e.g. This plan is not placed first because it is simple. — 这个计划并不因为简单就放在首位。
e.g. Don‘t scamp your work because you are pressed for time. — 不要因为时间紧迫就敷衍了事。 not …, as/like
e.g. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.
— 与许多人的看法相反，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，它们甚至和昆虫一点关系也没有。 all/every … not
e.g. All that glitters is not gold.
e.g. If richness needs gifts with which everyone is not endowed, simplicity by no means comes by nature.
— 如果说写华丽的文章需要的是并非人人具备的天资，简练的文笔则决不是天生就能有的。
not … nearly/possibly: 固定结构，意为?根本不?
e.g. The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the increase of population, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
— 食品供应的增加绝对赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
not … or/too/without
e.g. Hardly a year now passed without Shanghai losing its traditional dominance in another field or product.
— 上海几乎每年都要失去它在一个领域或一项产品上的传统优势。 cannot … too
e.g. You cannot be too careful in proofreading. — 校对时越仔细越好。 both … not
e.g. Both children are not clever. — 并非两个孩子都聪明。 e.g. But you see, we both cannot go. — 可是你瞧，我们不能两个人都去啊。 for all
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《翻译》（1）课程大纲及教案
e.g. You may leave at once for all I care. — 你尽可以马上离开，我才不管呢。
c.f. He seemed as fresh as ever, for all that I never saw him drink or eat.
— 尽管我从未见到他喝点什么或吃点什么，他似乎仍然精神饱满。
? Homework
1. As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. 2. It will generally be found that the men who are habitually behind the time are as
habitually behind success.
3. Traveling five hundred miles by car with two small children is the last thing I want to
do.
4. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me and was giving orders for morning
suits, evening suits, shirts and all sorts of things.
5. We are supposed to be an island of freedom, but we are fighting our own terror war. 6. Don‘t cough more than you can help.
7. When we read we may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue,
inconvenience and expense.
8. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.
9. It also includes a lot of other former British colonies that are independent of the British
Parliament and of Thatcher, but recognize Queen Elizabeth as ―Head of the Commonwealth‖.
Reference version:
1. 结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试却正是幸福的源泉。 2. 一般来说，惯于不守时的人往往是不会成功的。 3. 我才不想带着两个孩子，开车赶500英里的路。
4. 我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸，订下早装、晚装、衬衫等各式各样的
衣服。
5. 我们本应是自由之岛，现在却要打一场属于自己的反恐怖战争。 6. 能不咳，就不咳。
7. 通过阅读我们可以遍访地球上最美丽的地方，轻松、便捷，还不用花钱。 8. 归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。
9. 它还包括许多前英国殖民地，它们不受英国国会和撒切尔管辖，但却承认伊丽莎白
女王为?联邦首脑?。
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