上海花卉产业发展战略研究报告
摘 要
上海花卉产业发展已有20余年,已成为上海农业结构中重要组成部分。本研究首先对国内外花卉业发展现状作了概述,分析世界花卉发展态势和我国花卉产销现状及特点。接着在实地调研的基础上,对上海花卉业发展历程、现状(包括布局结构、设施投入、资源、市场发育、管理体系、科技、政策等)、面临的机遇进行分析,借鉴国内外花卉业发展经验和教训,提出上海未来几年花卉业发展对策。主要研究内容如下:
1、上海花卉业经过20多年发展,成就有目共睹。
具备了一定的产业布局和规模。种植面积从1992年的246.6公顷到2005年总面积达到4334.9公顷。初步形成了一点、二带及多场这样的产业布局。花卉品种不断更新,是科技部认定的香石竹、百合、唐菖蒲等花卉品种的技术依托基地;对百合、石竹、石蒜等我国野生花卉资源的收集、分析、育种和组培苗生产,在全国处于领先地位。
已初步形成了一支掌握花卉育种、栽培、生物技术的科研队伍,收集了一批花卉种质资源,掌握了一些国际先进技术,特别是花卉种苗生产技术达到了国际先进水平。与花卉生产配套的温室设计、开发技术、农业信息技术等居国内领先,在郊区建成了以上海鲜花港为代表的花卉生产基地。
花卉市场不断发展壮大等等。上海是我国最大的花卉集散中心,已有花卉市场70多家,花店3800多家。2006年,花卉销售额达6.65亿元。
2、面临新形势、新要求,上海花卉产业还存在以下主要问题。
缺乏种质资源,生产水平相对偏低;科研人员缺乏;产业布局分散,专业化程度不高;管理格局有参差,多头管理,花协作用不能充分体现;市场体系不完善,没有形成有特色的规模化的鲜切花交易中心;社会化服务体系还不健全等。
3、上海花卉产业化发展要包括五项措施。
(1)加大科技投入,注重种质创新。(2)合理规划布局,形成地方特色。(3)培育和壮大花卉市场。(4)完善花卉业社会化服务体系。(5)加强政策保障。
总之,上海花卉产业的发展要充分发挥花卉产业的经济、社会、环境功能;积极有效
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地利用上海世界博览会的举办和郊区花卉生产的有利条件,逐步把上海花卉生产建设成为科技含量高、生产示范性强的先进基地;形成花卉批发市场与零售市场有机结合、国际市场与国内市场相互配合、以市场引导生产的经营模式;逐步形成以若干花卉龙头企业为先导并与花农合作社结合的产业;逐步建成一个标准化、品牌化生产的花卉出口基地和花卉科技研究与开发基地。
关键词: 上海; 花卉产业; 现状; 对策
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ABSTRACT
As an important part of Shanghai agriculture, the flower industry has been developed for over 20 years. This study focuses firstly on the overview of the current domestic and foreign status on the development of the industry, with respective analysis of the international growing trend and domestic productivity and marketing; then, based on practical work, the study analyzed the history, current situation (which include the industry structure, input of equipment, resources, marketing potential, management system, science and technology and policy, etc) and upcoming opportunities, assimilated some experience of other countries and areas and proposed several strategies to promote the development of flower industry in the next few years. The main contents of the study are as follows:
1. The acknowledgement of achievement of Shanghai flower industry for over twenty years development:
A large scale of industry structure has been developed; the planting areas were increased from 246.6 ha of 1992 to 4334.9 in 2005; An industry structure of one point, two bands of areas and several horticultural fields is primarily in shape. There are consistent updates on the types of flower and Shanghai has been assigned by the Ministry of Science and Technology as the technology centre for carnation, lily and gladiolus cultivation. Shanghai is also advanced at collection, analysis, breeding and tissue culture for wild flower such as lily, pink and amaryllis.
A group of specialists engaged in breeding, floriculture and biotechnology have collected a large amount of germ plasma resources and international advanced technology, among which seedling production has reached the top rank. Meanwhile, the supporting facilities such as greenhouse design, exploitative strategies and agricultural information technology are also taking a leading position and a representative production base named Shanghai Flower Harbor has been constructed in suburban area.
The markets of flower have been consistently growing and developing. Shanghai is the largest distributing centre of flower in China, in which more than 70 markets and 3800 stores are built. The sales reached RMB 665 million in 2006.
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2. To face the new requirement and new situation, there are several major problems in flower industry to be solved:
Lack of germ plasma resources of flower; comparatively low productivity; lack of specialists and staff; decentralized industry structure; low level of specialization; inconsistent management; the main function of Shanghai Flower Association cannot be acted; imperfect marketing system; the cut-flower business centre reveals no special characteristics with a large scale; social service has not been fully provided.
3. There are five main measures to be taken in Shanghai flower industry:
(1) Increase investment on science and technology, emphasize on germ plasma innovation.(2) Reasonable lay-out with local characteristics.(3) Develop system of flower markets.(4) Optimize system of social service. (5) Strengthen protective policy.
In summary, Shanghai flower industry must prompt the economic, social and environmental function of the industry; take good advantage of the holding of Shanghai World Exposition and suburban flower production to construct an advanced centre with high scientific level and model of productivity; form a business pattern of combination of flowers and plants distribution and retailing markets; integration of domestic and international markets and marketing industry step by step; push the leading role of some most important enterprises and combination of flower and agricultural cooperative society; construct a flower exporting base and scientific study and developing base with standardization and brand.
KEYWORDS: Shanghai; flower industry; actuality; countermeasures
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目 录
摘要 1 引言 7
第一章 文献综述 9
1 世界花卉业发展态势 9 1.1 生产与消费现状 9
1.2 花卉产业市场竞争日趋激烈 10
1.3 世界花卉生产和经营企业由独立经营向合作经营发展 11
1.4 花卉品种向新、特、优和多样性发展，花卉科研力度不断加大 11 1.5 广泛采用新技术，推动了花卉产业的快速发展 12 2 主要花卉生产国家 12 2.1 花卉生产先进国家 13 2.2 花卉生产贸易后起国 16 3 我国花卉产销现状及特点 18 3.1 不同类型花卉种植结构 18 3.2 各种类型花卉销售结构 20 3.3 各省市花卉产销排名 22
3.4 主要生产省市花卉产业发展概况 24 3.5 我国花卉业发展特点 25 第二章 上海花卉产业现状分析 28 1 自然条件与研究方法 28 1.1 区位与面积 28 1.2 自然资源 28 1.3 研究方法 28 2 结果与分析 28
2.1 产业发展历程及取得的成果 28 2.2 区域布局和种植结构 31 2.3 设施建设和种质资源 32
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