Chapter Five (第五章)
1.Teaching aims and content (教学目标与内容)
通过本章的学习，让学生了解开展贸易的收益与损失，以及H-O理论的三种意义，通过斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理理解出口导向型和进口竞争型要素。 2.Teaching important points (教学重点)
（1）开展贸易的长期和短期效应 （2）斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理 （3）要素价格均等化
3.Teaching difficult points (教学难点)
（1）开展贸易的长期和短期效应 （2）要素价格均等化
4.Class hours arrangement (课时安排)
5学时
5. Teaching means (教学手段)
多媒体 双语教学
6. Teaching process (教学过程)
Chapter Five (第五章)
Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade?
（贸易中谁受益？谁受损？）
1.Who gains and who loses within a country(一国内部谁受益谁受损) （1）Short-run effects of opening trade（开展贸易的短期效应）
?Short-run
?
In international trade analysis, the period of time in which factors of
production (workers, land, and so forth) can be employed only in the industry or sector in which they are currently employed (so the factors cannot move to employment in another industry).
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?Gains and losses divided by output sector: all groups tied to rising
sectors gain, and all groups tied to declining sectors lose.（按照产出的产业来划分受益和受损：与上升产业相联系的所有群体受益，与缩减产业相联系的所有群体受损）
（2）Long-run effects of opening trade（开展贸易的长期效应）
?Long-run
??
factors can move between sectors in response to differences in returns Gains and losses divided by factors: factor which is intensively used
in the export gains, and factor which is sparing used in the export lose.（按照要素来划分受益和受损：在出口中密集使用的要素受益，在出口中稀缺使用的要素受损） Exercise（练习）
?Before trade, Australia is relatively abundant in capital and China is
relatively abundant in labor. After trade, for the long-run,we would expect that the incomes of _________ in China and of _________ in Australia would increase.
?capital owners; workers ?workers; capital owners ?nobody; capital owners ?workers; nobody
Exercises（练习）:
? If the U.S. has a comparative advantage in the production of corn
(land-intensive) and has a comparative disadvantage in the production of textiles (labor-intensive), in the long-run, landowners in which sectors would gain?
?corn ?textiles ?both ?neither
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2.Three implication of the H-O theory（H-O理论的三种意义）
（1）The Stopler-Samuelson theorem(S-S theorem)（斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理）
?It
raises the real return to the factor used intensively in the
rising-price industry; it lowers the real return to the factor used intensively in the falling price industry
（2）The specialized-factor pattern（专业化要素模式）
?The more a factor is specialized in the production of a product whose
relative price is rising, the more this factor stands to gain from the change in the product price
?The more a factor is concentrated into the production of a product whose
relative price is falling, the more it stands to lose from the change in product price
（3）The factor-price equalization theorem（要素均等化定理）
?International Factor Price Equalization
?
With the shift to free trade: For each factor, its rate of return becomes
more similar between countries. Under ideal conditions, its real rate of return is the same in different countries.
?
Example: Labor.
With no trade, the wage rate is high in the labor-scarce country. The
?
wage rate is low in the labor-abundant country.
?
With free trade, the import of labor-intensive products pushes the
wage-rate down in the labor-scarce country. The export of labor-intensive products pulls the wage rate up in the labor-abundant country.
3.Does H-O explain actual trade patterns?（H-O理论能解释现实的贸易模式吗？）
(1)Leotief paradox( reading box) （里昂惕夫之谜）（阅读专栏P75）
US economy assumed capital-abundant relative to the rest of the world.
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Leotief′s results showed that us was exporting labor-intensive goods to the rest of the world in exchange for relatively capital-intensive imports. That is
(2)Some explanations about Leotief paradox(里昂惕夫之谜的解释)
??
Factor endowments (要素禀赋) international trade（国际贸易）
4. What are the export-oriented and import-competing factors?（什么是出口导向型和进口竞争型要素？）
（1）Its implications in policy（它的政策含义）
Figure 5.5 – A Schematic View of the Factor Content of U.S. Exports and Competing Imports
Figure 5.6 - The Factor Content of Canada’s Exports and Competing Imports 5. Do factor prices equalize internationally?（国际间要素价格会均等吗？）
Although we still do not see full factor-price equalization in the real world, there appear to be a tendency toward international factor-price equalization.（尽管在现实世界我们仍然没有看到完全的要素价格均等化，但是似乎存在一种要素价格均等化的趋势）
Thinking：（思考）Why the real world is not fully consistent with the theorem? （为什么现实世界与该定理不完全一致？）
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Chapter Six (第六章)
1.Teaching aims and content (教学目标与内容)
通过本章的学习，让学生了解二战后的一些新贸易现象，在现实中完全竞争的市场很少存在，所以本章以不完全竞争为条件要研究贸易现象，也就是不同于标准的比较优势理论的各种新贸易理论。 2.Teaching important points (教学重点)
（1）规模经济
（2）产业内贸易和垄断竞争 （3）内部规模经济与寡头垄断 （4）外部规模经济与产业集聚 3.Teaching difficult points (教学难点)
（1）产业内贸易和产品差异化
（2）垄断竞争市场结构和寡头垄断市场结构 （3）内部规模经济和外部规模经济 4.Class hours arrangement (课时安排)
10学时
5. Teaching means (教学手段)
多媒体 双语教学
6. Teaching process (教学过程)
Chapter Six (第六章)
Scale Economies,Imperfect Competition,and Trade
(规模经济，不完全竞争和贸易)
1.Economies of scale（规模经济）
(1)Internal economies of scale（内部规模经济）
?
Internal scale economies: Expansion of the size of the individual firm
is the basis for the decline in average cost as the firm's production quantity increases.
(2)External economies of scale（外部规模经济）
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