shall apply.
Section 2 The Master
第二节 船 长
Article 35 The Master shall be 第三十五条 船长负责船舶的管理和驾驶。 responsible for the management and navigation of the ship.
Orders given by the Master within 船长在其职权范围内发布的命令，船the scope of his functions and powers 员、旅客和其他在船人员都必须执行。 must be carried out by other members of the crew, the passengers and all persons on board.
The Master shall take necessary 船长应当采取必要的措施，保护船舶和measures to protect the ship and all 在船人员、文件、邮件、货物以及其他财产。 persons on board, the documents, postal matters, the goods as well as other property carried.
Article 36 To ensure the safety of the 第三十六条 为保障在船人员和船舶的安ship and all persons on board, the Master 全，船长有权对在船上进行违法、犯罪活动shall be entitled to confine or take 的人采取禁闭或者其他必要措施，并防止其other necessary measures against those 隐匿、毁灭、伪造证据。 who have committed crimes or violated laws or regulations on board, and to guard against their concealment, destruction or forging of evidence.
The Master, having taken actions as 船长采取前款措施，应当制作案情报告referred to in the preceding paragraph 书，由船长和两名以上在船人员签字，连同of this Article, shall make a written 人犯送交有关当局处理。 report of the case, which shall bear the signature of the Master himself and those of two or more others on board, and shall be handed over, together with the offender, to the authorities concerned for disposition.
Article 37 The Master shall make entries 第三十七条 船长应当将船上发生的出生或in the log book of any occurrence of 者死亡事件记入航海日志，并在两名证人的birth or death on board and shall issue 参加下制作证明书。死亡证明书应当附有死a certificate to that effect in the 者遗物清单。死者有遗嘱的，船长应当予以presence of two witnesses. The death 证明。死亡证明书和遗嘱由船长负责保管，certificate shall be attached with a 并送交家属或者有关方面。 list of personal belongings of the deceased, and attestation shall be given by the Master to the will, if any, of the
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deceased. Both the death certificate and the will shall be taken into safe keeping by the Master and handed over to the family members of the deceased or the organizations concerned.
Article 38 Where a sea casualty has 第三十八条 船舶发生海上事故，危及在船occurred to a ship and the life and 人员和财产的安全时，船长应当组织船员和property on board have thus been 其他在船人员尽力施救。在船舶的沉没、毁threatened, the Master shall, with crew 灭不可避免的情况下，船长可以作出弃船决members and other persons on board under 定；但是，除紧急情况外，应当报经船舶所his command, make best efforts to run to 有人同意。 the rescue. Should the foundering and loss of the ship have become inevitable, the Master may decide to abandon the ship. However, such abandonment shall be reported to the shipowner for approval except in case of emergency.
Upon abandoning the ship, the Master 弃船时，船长必须采取一切措拖，首先must take all measures first to evacuate 组织旅客安全离船，然后安排船员离船，船the passengers safely from the ship in 长应当最后离船。在离船前，船长应当指挥an orderly way, then make arrangements 船员尽力抢救航海日志、机舱日志、油类记for crew members to evacuate, while the 录簿、无线电台日志、本航次使用过的海图Master shall be the last to evacuate. 和文件，以及贵重物品、邮件和现金。 Before leaving the ship, the Master shall direct the crew members to do their utmost to rescue the deck log book, the engine log book, the oil record book, the radio log book, the charts, documents and papers used in the current voyage, as well as valuables, postal matters and cash money.
Article 39 The duty of the Master in the 第三十九条 船长管理船舶和驾驶船舶的责management and navigation of the ship 任，不因引航员引领船舶而解除。 shall not be absolved even with the presence of a pilot piloting the ship.
Article 40 Should death occur to the 第四十条 船长在航行中死亡或者因故不能Master or the Master be unable to perform 执行职务时，应当由驾驶员中职务最高的人his duties for whatever reason, the deck 代理船长职务；在下一个港口开航前，船舶officer with the highest rank shall act 所有人应当指派新船长接任。 as the Master; before the ship sails from its next port of call, the shipowner shall appoint a new Master to take
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command.
Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods 第四章 海上货物运输合同 by Sea
Section 1 Basic Principles
第一节 一般规定
Article 41 A contract of carriage of 第四十一条 海上货物运输合同，是指承运goods by sea is a contract under which 人收取运费，负责将托运人托运的货物经海the carrier, against payment of freight, 路由一港运至另一港的合同。 undertakes to carry by sea the goods contracted for shipment by the shipper from one port to another.
Article 42 For the purposes of this 第四十二条 本章下列用语的含义： Chapter:
(1) \ （一）“承运人”，是指本人或者委托or in whose name a contract of carriage 他人以本人名义与托运人订立海上货物运of goods by sea has been concluded with 输合同的人。 a shipper;
(2) \carrier\means the person to （二）“实际承运人”，是指接受承运whom the performance of carriage of 人委托，从事货物运输或者部分运输的人，goods, or of part of the carriage, has 包括接受转委托从事此项运输的其他人。 been entrusted by the carrier, and includes any other person to whom such performance has been entrusted under a sub-contract; (3) \
（三）“托运人”，是指：
a) The person by whom or in whose 1.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者name or on whose behalf a contract of 委托他人为本人与承运人订立海上货物运carriage of goods by sea has been 输合同的人； concluded with a carrier;
b) The person by whom or in whose 2.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者name or on whose behalf the goods have 委托他人为本人将货物交给与海上货物运been delivered to the carrier involved 输合同有关的承运人的人。 in the contract of carriage of goods by sea;
(4) \ （四）“收货人”，是指有权提取货物entitled to take delivery of the goods; 的人。
(5) \ （五）“货物”，包括活动物和由托运containers, pallets or similar articles 人提供的用于集装货物的集装箱、货盘或者of transport supplied by the shipper for 类似的装运器具。 consolidating the goods.
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Article 43 The carrier or the shipper may 第四十三条 承运人或者托运人可以要求书demand confirmation of the contract of 面确认海上货物运输合同的成立。但是，航carriage of goods by sea in writing. 次租船合同应当书面订立。电报、电传和传However, voyage charter shall be done in 真具有书面效力。 writing. Telegrams, telexes and telefaxes have the effect of written documents.
Article 44 Any stipulation in a contract 第四十四条 海上货物运输合同和作为合同of carriage of goods by sea or a bill of 凭证的提单或者其他运输单证中的条款，违lading or other similar documents 反本章规定的，无效。此类条款的无效，不evidencing such contract that derogates 影响该合同和提单或者其他运输单证中其from the provisions of this Chapter 他条款的效力。将货物的保险利益转让给承shall be null and void. However, such 运人的条款或者类似条款，无效。 nullity and voidness shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the contract or the bill of lading or other similar documents. A clause assigning the benefit of insurance of the goods in favour of the carrier or any similar clause shall be null and void.
Article 45 The provisions of Article 44 第四十五条 本法第四十四条的规定不影响of this Code shall not prejudice the 承运人在本章规定的承运人责任和义务之increase of duties and obligations by 外，增加其责任和义务。 the carrier besides those set out in this Chapter.
Section 2 Carrier''s Responsibilities 第二节 承运人的责任
Article 46 The responsibilities of the 第四十六条 承运人对集装箱装运的货物的carrier with regard to the goods carried 责任期间，是指从装货港接收货物时起至卸in containers covers the entire period 货港交付货物时止，货物处于承运人掌管之during which the carrier is in charge of 下的全部期间。承运人对非集装箱装运的货the goods, starting from the time the 物的责任期间，是指从货物装上船时起至卸carrier has taken over the goods at the 下船时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部port of loading, until the goods have 期间。在承运人的责任期间，货物发生灭失been delivered at the port of discharge. 或者损坏，除本节另有规定外，承运人应当The responsibility of the carrier with 负赔偿责任。 respect to non-containerized goods covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the ship until the time the goods are discharged therefrom. During the period the carrier is in charge of
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the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods, except as otherwise provided for in this Section.
The provisions of the preceding 前款规定，不影响承运人就非集装箱装paragraph shall not prevent the carrier 运的货物，在装船前和卸船后所承担的责from entering into any agreement 任，达成任何协议。 concerning carrier''s responsibilities with regard to non-containerized goods prior to loading onto and after discharging from the ship.
Article 47 The carrier shall, before and 第四十七条 承运人在船舶开航前和开航当at the beginning of the voyage, exercise 时，应当谨慎处理，使船舶处于适航状态，due diligence to make the ship 妥善配备船员、装备船舶和配备供应品，并seaworthy, properly man, equip and 使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气舱和其他载货处所适supply the ship and to make the holds, 于并能安全收受、载运和保管货物。 refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
Article 48 The carrier shall properly 第四十八条 承运人应当妥善地、谨慎地装and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, 载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、照料和卸载keep, care for and discharge the goods 所运货物。 carried.
Article 49 The carrier shall carry the 第四十九条 承运人应当按照约定的或者习goods to the port of discharge on the 惯的或者地理上的航线将货物运往卸货港。 agreed or customary or geographically direct route.
Any deviation in saving or 船舶在海上为救助或者企图救助人命attempting to save life or property at 或者财产而发生的绕航或者其他合理绕航，sea or any reasonable deviation shall 不属于违反前款规定的行为。 not be deemed to be an act deviating from the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 50 Delay in delivery occurs when 第五十条 货物未能在明确约定的时间内，the goods have not been delivered at the 在约定的卸货港交付的，为迟延交付。 designated port of discharge within the time expressly agreed upon.
The carrier shall be liable for the 除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任loss of or damage to the goods caused by 的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因delay in delivery due to the fault of the 迟延交付而灭失或者损坏的，承运人应当负
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