carrier, except those arising or 赔偿责任。 resulting from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.
The carrier shall be liable for the 除依照本章规定承运人不负赔偿责任economic losses caused by delay in 的情形外，由于承运人的过失，致使货物因delivery of the goods due to the fault 迟延交付而遭受经济损失的，即使货物没有of the carrier, even if no loss of or 灭失或者损坏，承运人仍然应当负赔偿责damage to the goods had actually 任。 occurred, unless such economic losses had occurred from causes for which the carrier is not liable as provided for in the relevant Articles of this Chapter.
The person entitled to make a claim 承运人未能在本条第一款规定的时间for the loss of goods may treat the goods 届满六十日内交付货物，有权对货物灭失提as lost when the carrier has not 出赔偿请求的人可以认为货物已经灭失。 delivered the goods within 60 days from the expiry of the time for delivery specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.
Article 51 The carrier shall not be 第五十一条 在责任期间货物发生的灭失或liable for the loss of or damage to the 者损坏是由于下列原因之一造成的，承运人goods occurred during the period of 不负赔偿责任： carrier''s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the following causes:
(1) Fault of the Master, crew members, （一）船长、船员、引航员或者承运人pilot or servant of the carrier in the 的其他受雇人在驾驶船舶或者管理船舶中navigation or management of the ship; 的过失；
(2) Fire, unless caused by the actual （二）火灾，但是由于承运人本人的过fault of the carrier; 失所造成的除外； (3) Force majeure and perils, dangers （三）天灾，海上或者其他可航水域的and accidents of the sea or other 危险或者意外事故； navigable waters;
(4) War or armed conflict;
（四）战争或者武装冲突；
(5) Act of the government or competent （五）政府或者主管部门的行为、检疫authorities, quarantine restrictions or 限制或者司法扣押； seizure under legal process;
(6) Strikes, stoppages or restraint of （六）罢工、停工或者劳动受到限制； labour;
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(7) Saving or attempting to save life or （七）在海上救助或者企图救助人命或property at sea; 者财产； (8) Act of the shipper, owner of the （八）托运人、货物所有人或者他们的goods or their agents; 代理人的行为； (9) Nature or inherent vice of the goods; （九）货物的自然特性或者固有缺陷； (10) Inadequacy of packing or （十）货物包装不良或者标志欠缺、不insufficiency or illegibility of marks; 清；
(11) Latent defect of the ship not （十一）经谨慎处理仍未发现的船舶潜discoverable by due diligence; 在缺陷； (12) Any other causes arising without （十二）非由于承运人或者承运人的受the fault of the carrier or his servant 雇人、代理人的过失造成的其他原因。 or agent.
The carrier who is entitled to 承运人依照前款规定免除赔偿责任的，exoneration from the liability for 除第（二）项规定的原因外，应当负举证责compensation as provided for in the 任。 preceding paragraph shall, with the exception of the causes given in sub-paragraph (2), bear the burden of proof.
Article 52 The carrier shall not be 第五十二条 因运输活动物的固有的特殊风liable for the loss of or damage to the 险造成活动物灭失或者损害的，承运人不负live animals arising or resulting from 赔偿责任。但是，承运人应当证明业已履行the special risks inherent in the 托运人关于运输活动物的特别要求，并证明carriage thereof. However, the carrier 根据实际情况，灭失或者损害是由于此种固shall be bound to prove that he has 有的特殊风险造成的。 fulfilled the special requirements of the shipper with regard to the carriage of the live animals and that under the circumstances of the sea carriage, the loss or damage has occurred due to the special risks inherent therein.
Article 53 In case the carrier intends 第五十三条 承运人在舱面上装载货物，应to ship the goods on deck, he shall come 当同托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，into an agreement with the shipper or 或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。 comply with the custom of the trade or the relevant laws or administrative rules and regulations.
When the goods have been shipped on 承运人依照前款规定将货物装载在舱deck in accordance with the provisions 面上，对由于此种装载的特殊风险造成的货of the preceding paragraph, the carrier 物灭失或者损坏，不负赔偿责任。
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shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods caused by the special risks involved in such carriage.
If the carrier, in breach of the 承运人违反本条第一款规定将货物装provisions of the first paragraph of 载在舱面上，致使货物遭受灭失或者损坏this Article, has shipped the goods on 的，应当负赔偿责任。 deck and the goods have consequently suffered loss or damage, the carrier shall be liable therefor.
Article 54 Where loss or damage or delay 第五十四条 货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交in delivery has occurred from causes 付是由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理from which the carrier or his servant or 人的不能免除赔偿责任的原因和其他原因agent is not entitled to exoneration 共同造成的，承运人仅在其不能免除赔偿责from liability, together with another 任的范围内负赔偿责任；但是，承运人对其cause, the carrier shall be liable only 他原因造成的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付应当to the extent that the loss, damage or 负举证责任。 delay in delivery is attributable to the causes from which the carrier is not entitled to exoneration from liability; however, the carrier shall bear the burden of proof with respect to the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulting from the other cause.
Article 55 The amount of indemnity for 第五十五条 货物灭失的赔偿额，按照货物the loss of the goods shall be calculated 的实际价值计算；货物损坏的赔偿额，按照on the basis of the actual value of the 货物受损前后实际价值的差额或者货物的goods so lost, while that for the damage 修复费用计算。 to the goods shall be calculated on the basis of the difference between the values of the goods before and after the damage, or on the basis of the expenses for the repair.
The actual value shall be the value 货物的实际价值，按照货物装船时的价of the goods at the time of shipment plus 值加保险费加运费计算。 insurance and freight.
From the actual value referred to in 前款规定的货物实际价值，赔偿时应当the preceding paragraph, deduction 减去因货物灭失或者损坏而少付或者免付shall be made, at the time of 的有关费用。 compensation, of the expenses that had been reduced or avoided as a result of the loss or damage occurred.
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Article 56 The carrier''s liability for 第五十六条 承运人对货物的灭失或者损坏the loss of or damage to the goods shall 的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单be limited to an amount equivalent to 位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67 Units of Account per package or 666.67计算单位，或者按照货物毛重计算，other shipping unit, or 2 Units of 每公斤为2计算单位，以二者中赔偿限额较Account per kilogramme of the gross 高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经weight of the goods lost or damaged, 申报其性质和价值，并在提单中载明的，或whichever is the higher, except where 者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条the nature and value of the goods had 规定的赔偿限额的除外。 been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper.
Where a container, pallet or similar 货物用集装箱、货盘或者类似装运器具article of transport is used to 集装的，提单中载明装在此类装运器具中的consolidate goods, the number of 货物件数或者其他货运单位数，视为前款所packages or other shipping units 指的货物件数或者其他货运单位数；未载明enumerated in the bill of lading as 的，每一装运器具视为一件或者一个单位。 packed in such article of transport shall be deemed to be the number of packages or shipping units. If not so enumerated, the goods in such article of transport shall be deemed to be one package or one shipping unit.
Where the article of transport is 装运器具不属于承运人所有或者非由not owned or furnished by the carrier, 承运人提供的，装运器具本身应当视为一件such article of transport shall be 或者一个单位。 deemed to be one package or one shipping unit.
Article 57 The liability of the carrier 第五十七条 承运人对货物因迟延交付造成for the economic losses resulting from 经济损失的赔偿限额，为所迟延交付的货物delay in delivery of the goods shall be 的运费数额。货物的灭失或者损坏和迟延交limited to an amount equivalent to the 付同时发生的，承运人的赔偿责任限额适用freight payable for the goods so 本法第五十六条第一款规定的限额。 delayed. Where the loss of or damage to the goods has occurred concurrently with the delay in delivery thereof, the limitation of liability of the carrier shall be that as provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 56 of this Code.
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Article 58 The defence and limitation of 第五十八条 就海上货物运输合同所涉及的liability provided for in this Chapter 货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付对承运人提起shall apply to any legal action brought 的任何诉讼，不论海事请求人是否合同的一against the carrier with regard to the 方，也不论是根据合同或者是根据侵权行为loss of or damage to or delay in delivery 提起的，均适用本章关于承运人的抗辩理由of the goods covered by the contract of 和限制赔偿责任的规定。 carriage of goods by sea, whether the claimant is a party to the contract or whether the action is founded in contract or in tort.
The provisions of the preceding 前款诉讼是对承运人的受雇人或者代paragraph shall apply if the action 理人提起的，经承运人的受雇人或者代理人referred to in the preceding paragraph 证明，其行为是在受雇或者受委托的范围之is brought against the carrier''s 内的，适用前款规定。 servant or agent, and the carrier''s servant or agent proves that his action was within the scope of his employment or agency.
Article 59 The carrier shall not be 第五十九条 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或entitled to the benefit of the 者迟延交付是由于承运人的故意或者明知limitation of liability provided for in 可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造Article 56 or 57 of this Code if it is 成的，承运人不得援用本法第五十六条或者proved that the loss, damage or delay in 第五十七条限制赔偿责任的规定。 delivery of the goods resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.
The servant or agent of the carrier 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交shall not be entitled to the benefit of 付是由于承运人的受雇人、代理人的故意或limitation of liability provided for in 者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不Article 56 or 57 of this Code, if it is 作为造成的，承运人的受雇人或者代理人不proved that the loss, damage or delay in 得援用本法第五十六条或者第五十七条限delivery resulted from an act or 制赔偿责任的规定。 omission of the servant or agent of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.
Article 60 Where the performance of the 第六十条 承运人将货物运输或者部分运输carriage or part thereof has been 委托给实际承运人履行的，承运人仍然应当
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