carry out 实行,执行;实现,完成 catch at 试图抓住,拼命抓 catch (on) fire 着火,开始燃烧 catch on 理解,懂得,流行起来 catch sight of 发现,突然看见
check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到 check out 结帐后离开,办妥手续离去 check up (on) 检查,核实
cheer up 使高兴起来,使振作起来 clear away 把......清除掉,收拾 clear up 清理,澄清,解决,(天)放晴 cling to 粘住;依附;坚持
collide with 抵触,冲突;碰撞,互撞 come after 跟随
come/go into effect 生效,实施 come off 脱落,分开;结果,表现
come out 发表,出版,出现,现楼,结果是 come round/around 顺便来访;苏醒,复原 come through 经历......仍活着,安然度过
come to 苏醒,涉及,谈到;总数为,结果是 come to a conclusion 得出结论
come true (预言、期望等)实现,成为事实 come up 走上前来,发生,出现 come up to 达到(标准),比得上 come up with 提出,提供,想出
Exercise Nineteen
1. When it comes to education,_________________ (大部分人认为教育是一个终生的学习).
2. Many experts point out _______________(体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康). 3. The air pollution is becoming more and more serious. _____________(任何政府忽视这一点)may pay a heavy price.
4.In view of the seriousness of this problem,________________(在事态进一步恶化之前必须采取有效的措施).
5. ________________(除了孤独这一明显的问题之外),another major obstacle,in my opinion,is the alien environment of campus.
1. the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study Times
解析:When it comes to...表示\当涉及,当谈到某一问题时\,句子需填入部分是全句的主句。根据中文句子结构,在翻译成英文时,\教育是一个终生的学习\应处理成宾语从句。可以用believe that +从句。如果将该题译成many people believe that education is something that will last for ever,则有两处不妥:一是many people不等于\大部分人\;二是believe that从句又包含了一个由something引导
的小宾语从句,虽然语法上没有错,但使句子结构变得复杂且传递的意思不能忠实于原文。事实上,\大部分\可以用the majority of来表达;\终生的\可以用lifetime。在做翻译时,考生要注意将想好的信息点进行检查、重组,以期达到最好的效果。
2. that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness
解析:本句意为:许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。句子需填补部分充当全句的宾语,因此用pint out+that句型。Contribute to表示\有助于......\,如:Exercise contributes to better health.(锻炼能促进更强健的体魄。)考生易将contribute to与attribute to混淆。Attribute to是指\归因于......\,如:David attributed his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.(大卫说他们公司之所以获得成功是由于全体员工的团结和坚持不懈努力工作的结果。)其他表示\有助于\的短语还有:be good to,help to,make for,conduce to等。
3. Any government that is blind to this point
解析:前一句的信息并不重要。关键在第二句中,谓语部分已经给出,即:may pay a heavy price(会付出沉重代价),那么,需填入部分应该充当该句的主语,而主语中心词就是\任何政府\,\忽视这一点\根据语法要求必须处理成后置定语修饰\任何政府\。所以,译文要用定语从句来表达。答案也可以是非限制定语从句:Any government,which is blind to this point.
4. effective measures should be taken before things get worse
解析:本题需填入部分没有具体指出\谁\必须采取有效措施,所以应将汉语无主句译成英语被动句。此外,\事态\在这里不能用affairs,affair是指具体某个事务或社会逸闻或恋爱事件。\事态\在本句中是比较抽象的概念,应该理解成\情况\,可以选择things,如:Things look promising.(情况看来有希望,有好转之势。)
5. In addition to/ Besides the obvious problem-loneliness
解析:本题考查的是对\除了\的含义理解。英语里\除了\的说法较多,except和except for都是表示后接的东西不包括在内;besides和in addition是表示后接的东西包含在内。通过分析可知,本句意为:除了孤独这一明显的问题之外,我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。因此,another major obstacle清楚表明,孤独和对校园环境的不熟悉是面临的两个共同的困难。因此,\孤独\是被包含在内的。
名词的固定搭配
a close(narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险
a great/good deal of 大量,非常,及其 a good/good many of 相当多,很多
a multitude of 大量 attempt at 企图,努力
attitude to/towards 态度,看法 correspondence with 通信 dissatisfaction with 不满
exposure to 显露,暴露;曝光 face to face 面对面地
fair play 公平比赛,公平对待 far from 远远不,完全不 influence on 影响
interference in 干涉,介入 interference with 妨碍,打扰 little by little 逐渐地,一点点地 next door 隔壁
no doubt 无疑地,很可能 no less than 不少于,多达 objection to 反对,异议
once for all 一劳永逸地,永远地 once in a while 偶尔 once more/again 再一次
one after another 一个接一个,相继
preference for/to 偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先 proficiency in 熟练,精通
requirement for/to 需要,需要的东西,要求 the moment(that) 一......就 trolley bus 电车
word for word 逐字地
Exercise Fourteen
1. We need not only be under various external pressures, but also _____________ (也要面对内心的困惑).
2. Would you _______________(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday? 3. After the operation, _____________(他的身体很健康). 4.- Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival? - ___________(当然啦).
5. ________________(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.
1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities Times
解析:本句意为:我们不仅要承受种种外界压力,还要面对内心的困惑。这句话考查的是not only...but also的结构。该结构的前后部分应该保持一致,前半部分用的是not only to,后半部分就应该是but also to。另外,前半句用了under pressure来表达承受压力,后半句最好也用一个介词短语来表达面对困惑之意,与前文相呼应。我们知道,face既可以用作动词也可以用作名词,in the case of意为\面对,
面临\。其实全句有三处相对应出现的词或表达,他们是:not only to & but also to;be under & be in the face of;external pressures & internal perplexities。英语里比较注重这种并行结构。
2. come to our evening party
解析:考查\参加\的表达。Join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会,如:join a health club;join the Communist Party,或者用join sb表示参加到某人的活动中来。事实上,常常与party搭配的动词是come或者go。如go to a wild party,或come to a Christmas Party。\参加\的另外一些用法有:参加会议(attend the meeting);参加某项活动(take part in the activity);参加考试(take/ sit /do the examination);参加礼拜(attend worship);参加社会活动(get about social activities)。
3. he is in good health/he's healthy
解析:本题看似简单,实际在考查汉英表达习惯差异问题。\他的身体很健康\是一句典型的汉语表达,然而英语里表示某人身体好的时候不用\身体\作主语,直接用\某人\作主语。如果译成his body is healthy就可谓多此一举了。\身体健康\还可以用to be in good condition。
4. Sure/ Certainly
解析:本题也是一道考查汉英表达差异的题。很多考生不假思索地译成Of course。其实,以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的考生低得多,只有在回答一些总所周知的问题或表示反语口吻时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含一句话是\当然我知道啦!难道我是一个傻瓜吗?\因此,of course带有挑衅的意味,语气很不友好。在使用方面,sure或certainly语气会婉转很多。同时of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下的说法是certainly not。
5. I found a few mistakes
解析:few和little意为\几乎没有\,a few和a little意为\还有一些,有几个\。但若在a few和a little加上only,意思就变了。即only a few=few,而only a little=little。如:I can have only a little more.(我几乎不能再吃了。)She made only a few mistakes.(她几乎全对。)因此,如果译成I found only a few mistakes,意思就恰恰相反,\你的作文我几乎没发现错误\。这道题说明在汉译英时不能完全对应汉字翻译,而要考虑英语使用习惯和词语搭配。
be able to (do) 能(做),会(做) be about to (do) 即将,正要 be absent from 缺勤,缺课 be abundant in 丰富的,富裕的 be accustomed to 习惯于,适应于
be acquainted with 与......相识,熟悉,了解 be active in 积极于
be addicted to 沉溺于;使吸毒成瘾 be adjacent to 与......毗连的 be advantage to 对......有利 be afraid of 恐怕,害怕,担忧 be ahead of time 提前
be alive to 注意到,对......敏感 be angry at 因某事生气 be angry with 对......发怒 be answerable for 应对......
be anxious about 担心,为......担忧 be anxious for 急切盼望,渴望 be ashamed of 为......感到害躁 be assigned to 被分配给...... be attached to 附属于 be aware of 意识到
be based on 根据,以......为基础 be beneficial to 对......有益
be blind to 不了解,对......是盲目的
be beside oneself 极度兴奋,对自己的情感失去控制 be better off 生活优越起来,境况好起来 be bored to death 烦死了
be bound for 准备到......去;开往 be bound to (do) 一定会,不得不 be careful to (do) 注意(做) be certain to (do) 一定(做),必然(做) be capable of 能够
be confident in 对......有信心 be characterized by 以......为特征
Exercise fifteen
1. _____________ (为了维护健康),there are at least three things we can do every day.
2. _______________(他大概知道他要做什么),but nothing specific.
3. We need to live a regular life. That is,_____________(我们要早睡早起,戒除烟酒).
4. Could you ______________(给我介绍一本关于物理方面的好书)?
5. In addition, we should not ________________(忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会).
1. To keep healthy