解析:本句意为:为了维护健康,我们每天至少可做三件事。英文里不能将两个或两个以上的简单句糅杂在一句话中。句子需填入部分在全句里充当的成分是目的状语。\维护健康\是未来要去做的事情,是努力的方向,应说成To keep healthy,也可以用In order to keep healthy来表示目的。
2. He has some vague ideas about what to do
解析:\他大概知道他要做什么\言下之意是:他其实并不清楚要做什么。于是有考生会误译成He has some unclear ideas about what to do. 本题考查选词。unclear是指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂、不能肯定的。而由nothing specific可知,\他\的想法很多,很混乱,不能形成一个确定的、清晰的计划。所以用vague更准确。vague是指含混不清的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清,言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚。如:a vague idea(模糊的想法);He was a little vague when I asked what had happened.(我问他出了什么事时,他一无所知。)
3. we keep good hours and restrain smoking and drinking
解析:\早睡早起\不能按照字面直译成sleep and get up early。这样的翻译就Chinglish了,老外理解不了。我们需要运用意译法。早睡早起的含义就是要有一个合理、规则的作息时间,英文说成keep good hours。另外表示\戒除\的词有:restrain,refrain,stop等。refrain是一个不及物动词,后面不能直接加上宾语 smoking and drinking,必须用及物动词短语refrain from来表示,当然也可以选择restrain或stop或deny oneself to。
4. recommend me a good book on Physics
解析:这里的\介绍\不能照着字面理解翻译成常见的introduce。作\介绍\讲时是用于人们相遇时进行的\介绍;引见;使互相认识\。这句话中的\介绍\是要请别人给\推荐\一本书,因此要选用recommend作为\介绍\的对应词。同样,翻译\他向我们介绍了一些教学经验\这句话时,也不能使用 introduce。应该译作He told us something about his experience in teaching. 考生要注意,汉译英是一定要首先理解汉语的实际语义,才能避免英语选词错误。
5. neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society
解析:本题考点有:ignore与neglect的辨析,宾语从句的运用和形容词\温馨\的表达。ignore也有忽视的意思,但它是指故意忽略某人的存在,不予理睬。如:I tried to tell her but she ignored me.(我打算告诉她,可是她不理睬我。)She saw him coming but she ignored him.(她看见他走过来,但装作没看到他。)neglect强调\疏忽\、\忽略\某个事实,如:neglect their warnings(不顾他们的警告)。本句从含义上讲用neglect更贴切。原句需填补部分是一个从句,neglect可以加that再加从句。 warm有温暖、激烈、热烈、兴奋的意思,但表达\温馨\不合适;而friendly除了表示友好的、友谊的,也可以指气氛温馨。 be clever at 擅长于
be combined with 与......结合 be composed of 由......组成 be concerned about 关心,挂念 be curious to (do) 很想(做)
be dependent on/upon 取决于,依赖 be determined to (do) 决心(做) be different from 与......不同 be eager for 渴望
be eager to (do) 急于要(做) be equal to 等于
be famous for 以......著名 be fond of 喜欢,爱好
be free from 无......的,摆脱了......的 be friendly to 对......友好 be glad to (do) 乐于(做),对......感到高兴 be good for 适于,在......期间有效 be grateful to 感谢,感激
be independent of 脱离......而独立 be indifferent to 不在乎
be indispensable for 对......必不可少的 be interested in 对......感兴趣 be involved in 卷入,陷入
be kind enough to (do) 承......好意,恳请 be lacking in 缺乏 be late for 迟到
be likely to (do) 可能要,像是要 be mad about 迷恋 be well off 生活富裕 be particular about 讲究 be pleased to (do) 乐于
be pleased with 对......感到满意
be popular with 得人心的,受......欢迎的
Exercise Sixteen
1.When an opportunity comes, _________________ (伴之而来的是成功的希望)but never realizes it on its own.
2. If you want to _______________(取得成就或实现雄心壮志),you must work hard,make efforts and get prepared.
3. The successful person _____________(总是作好充分准备)to meet opportunities as they duly arrive.
4.Anthropologists(人类学家)have discovered that fear,happiness,sadness,and surprise ______________(都会行之于色),which is a universal phenomenon.
5.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language,they can communicate with adults ________________(通过面部表情和靠发出噪声).
1. it brings a promise Times
解析:这是一句非常富有哲理的话,意思是\当机遇来临的时候,伴之而来的是成功的希望,然而希望不会自己实现\。句子需填入部分\伴之而来的是成功的希望\看似表达非常复杂,其实意思很简单,即:机遇会带来希望,那么对这个句子的翻译就简单了,为避免重复,\机遇\可以用it代替。\成功的希望\用名词 promise,如:a young man full of promise(大有前途的年轻人)。这个词的常用意思是\诺言,承诺\。大家要注意,少数情况下我们会碰到一些看似结构复杂的句子,但只要读懂字里行间就可以化复杂为简单。这也是英汉互译时的一个必备技巧。
2. achieve something or fulfill your ambitions
解析:本题考查短语搭配。\取得成就\可以有这样的表达:make achievements或achieve something,前者\成就\作名词,后者作动词。\实现雄心壮志\中\实现\可选用realize,fulfill,此外make...come true,carry...out也有实现梦想/理想之意。
3. always makes adequate preparations
解析:\作准备\的表达有:prepare...for;make preparations for...。\充分的\可选形容词有:enough,sufficient,adequate,而well-prepared多在句中充当表语成分,如:His counsel was well-prepared.(他的律师作了充分准备。)全句的后半部分meet opportunities也可以作为考点,它表示\抓住机遇\,并不是\看见机遇\。meet还有\达到要求、满足愿望或意见一致\等意。如:The firm has done its best to meet us on that point.(公司在那方面已尽了最大的努力来满足我们的要求。)
4. are reflected in facial expressions
解析:\行之于色\是一个古汉语表达,正如在第一题给大家说到,有时候在汉译英时会遇到一些看似复杂的语言,但只要读懂字里行间意译即可。\行之于色\是说人内心的喜怒哀乐通过面部表情都可以反映出来,因此联系前文就不难译出:are reflected in facial expressions。
5. through facial expressions and by making noises
解析:本题意为:在孩子们能够表达或理解一门语言之前的很长一段时间,他们靠面部表情和发出噪声和大人们交流。\通过面部表情和靠发出噪声\在句中充当方式状语,表示某种途径或方法。\面部表情\是一个名词短语,前加介词through,而\发出噪声\是一个带有动作性的动词短语,因此通过发出噪声应选用by+doing的结构。同样是表示方法途径,前面的介词选择却有不同,考生要注意比较。
be present at 出席
be pound of 以......自豪,因......感到满意
be ready for 为......准备好 be rich in 富于 be satisfied of 相信
be satisfied with 对......满意,满足于 be second to 次于
be short for 是......的缩写(简称) be short of 短缺 be sick for 渴望
be sick in bed 病在床上 be sick of 对......感到厌倦 be sorry for 对......感到抱歉 be strict with 对......要求严格 be subjected to 遭受 be suited to适合于
be supposed to (do) 应该,非......不可 be sure of 坚信,确信 be sure to (do) 一定,必定 be surprised at 对......感到惊奇 be through with 结束
be tired from 因......而疲乏 be tired of 厌烦,对......厌倦 be tired out 疲倦,急了 be true of 适用于
be unconscious of 不知道...... be unequal to 无法胜任......的 be unfit for 不适合,不胜任 be useful to 对......有用 be well up in 精通,熟悉 be wild with joy 欣喜 be willing to (do) 乐意...... be worried about 为......担心 be worth (doing) 值得(做)
be wrong with 有点毛病,有些不舒服
Exercise Seventeen
1. _________________ (如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话),there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..
2. When it is short of water,a plant _______________(一般用蒸发作为降温的手段).
3. He has never mixed with them or _____________(同他们坦城交流),but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.
4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________(给你一次补考
机会的)had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. 5. ________________(随着孩子们在经济上独立出来)of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
1. If machines really thought as men do Times
解析:本题意为:如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话,那么就没有理由害怕它们,如同没有理由害怕人类一样。考查的是虚拟语气的用法。如果所述与现在事实相反,那么虚拟条件句的从句谓语部分用过去时态,主句谓语部分用would/could/might/should+动词原型。如果所述与过去事实相反,则从句谓语用过去完成时态,主句谓语用would/could/might/should+动词现在完成时态。如果所述与将来事实相反,则从句谓语用 should/were to+动词原型,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原型。本题属第一种。
2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling
解析:本题主要考查考生的词汇量。\蒸发\和\降温\可以分别用evaporation,cooling。cool本来是形容词\凉爽的,酷的,好的\,作为动词可以表示降温。本句可译为:在缺乏水分时,植物一般用蒸发作为降温的手段。
3. spoken to them on equal terms
解析:本题在理解上有一定难度,首先要看懂全句意思:他从来没有同它们亲密来往,或是同它们坦诚交流,但由于他的地位和高人一筹的聪明才智,他要求、也通常赢得了他们的尊敬。\同他们坦诚交流\的\坦诚\英语里没有一个对应词,只有用短语来表示。on equal terms是一个习惯用语,表示\平等相处\。另外,句子需填入部分还要注意前后时态一致。前半句用的是He has never...而...or...暗示前后是并列结构,所以\交流\也应用完成时态。
4. to give you a make-up examination
解析:要看出本题是一个虚拟语气句,had you gone and explained...是由于省略了标记词if而部分倒装。\补考\在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示弥补、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含\补救\的意思。而这句话没有必要译成to give you a chance of make-up examination,因为这样在语义上就犯了重复的错误。这句话完整的意思是:如果你去向他解释你父母那时生病了,你的数学老师会乐于给你一次补考机会的。
5. As the children become financially independent
解析:本题考查的是\随着......\状语从句,英语可以用as引导。另一个考点是汉语动词词性向英语形容词词性的转换。全句意为:随着孩子们在经济上从家庭中独立出来,家庭经济保障的重心将从保护转移到为退休后的生活储蓄。 abide by 履行,遵守