传染病学常考的英文内容
Frequently asked question (in English)
Part Ⅰ Noun explanation
1. convert infection/subclinical infection：it means only a special immune response without
or with very mild damage to the host after the pathogens entered which can be diagnosed by serologic means with demonstration of either a single high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the infection.The patients haven’t any symptoms and signs clinically,no changes of biochemical aspects are present in laboratory findings. It is also called subclinical infection.
2. black-water fever: A complication of MALARIA,FALCIPARUM characterized by an
acute intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and hemolytic jaundice when the red blood cells are destroyed and lytic in the blood vessel，severe patients can result in acute renal failureMost commomly in those who have taken antimalarial treatment irregularly or are deficient in G-6-PD.May be provoked by administering primaquine or chlorquine, or by fatigue. It is also called hemolytic urinemic syndrome
3. carrier state(病原携带状态)：it is a person who is colonized with an organism but shows
no evidence of disease, although disease may have been present earlier. A carrier is a very important source of infection as the organisms can be disseminated from him.
4. latent infection(潜伏性感染)：it means an organism enters a host and lies dormant( 静止
的) for a period of time, possibly for years, before producing disease as the host’s immunity decreased.
5. invasiveness(侵袭力)：the ability of the agent to enter and to move through tissue.
6. source of infection(传染源)： it is referred to a person or animal in which the pathogen
stay and multiply and can be disseminated .
7. route of transmission(传播途径): the route the pathogen entered another susceptible after
been disseminated from the source of infection.
8. susceptible(易感者): it is referred to a person who lacks immunity to a specific
infectious disease.
9. relapse(复发)：it means the return of symptoms after they have apparently ceased during
convalescence which is caused by the multiplication of the pathogen in the host. It is often seen in typhoid fever, malaria, et al.
10. recrudescence(再燃): it means the reappearance of symptoms after temporary
cessation.
11. sustained fever (稽留热）: high fever, lasting and little change in 24 hours, usually <1
degree. Often seen at fastigium of typhoid fever, septicemia, and EHF.
12. remittent fever（弛张热）: high fever, temperature changes > 1 degree in 24 hours, but the
lowest point of the fever is still above the upper limit of the normal temperature. Often seen in the defervascence of typhoid fever or EHF.
13. relapsing fever回归热）: several days of high fever with interruption of a few days’
normality. typical fever pattern in brucellosis and relapsing fever.